朱熹诗歌“梦”意象研究

A Study on the Image of“Dream”in Zhu Xi’s Poems

翻阅朱熹现存千三百首诗作,可以窥见其用字之喜好,譬如其诗作中有大量援“穷”、引“酒”、以“风”“花”“雪”“月”入诗等现象。这些现象并不是刻意为之,而是朱熹人生经历的真实写照。同样,朱熹作诗亦喜“梦”字,援“梦”入诗者有60题61首之余。结合朱熹的人生经历和遭遇来看,其引“梦”入诗主要表达如下含义:一是穷达同质,兼济天下的儒者情怀;二是怀友思亲,把酒话别的诗者心理;三是风乎舞雩,殖志丘野的山水情志;四是“仕途坎坷,吾道当穷”的党祸感怀。

Browsing through Zhu Xi’s existing thousands of poems,we can see his preference for words.For example,in his poems,there are a lot of phenomena such as aiding the“poor”,leading to“wine”,entering poems with“wind”,“flower”,“Snow”and“Moon”.These phenomena are not intentional,but the real portrayal of Zhu Xi’s life experience.In the same way,Zhu Xi also likes the word“dream”in his poems.There are more than 60 questions and 61 poems to help“dream”enter the poems.According to Zhu Xi’s life experience,his introduction of“dream”into his poems mainly expresses the following meanings:first,the feelings of Confucians who are poor with same quality but help the world;second,the psychology of poets who think of friends,relatives,and say farewell to wine;third,the feelings of mountains and rivers that are windy and rainy,and the feelings of the party’s misfortune that“the official career is rough,and my way should be poor”.