微生物燃料电池去除废水中抗生素类污染物的研究进展

Research Progresses in Microbial Fuel Cells for Antibiotic Wastewater Treatment

抗生素被广泛用于医疗、畜牧以及水产养殖等领域,大量抗生素未经代谢就进入环境,由此引起的细菌耐药性问题严重威胁着生态环境和人体健康。因而,如何有效控制废水中的抗生素和抗性基因污染成为近年来的研究重点。微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cells,MFCs)利用微生物催化降解有机物,在产电的同时实现废水处理和污染控制,是近些年研究较多的一种处理技术。本文综述了MFCs对废水中抗生素、抗性基因等污染物的去除效果、降解机理以及降解过程中微生物群落的变化规律,分析了MFCs与其它技术耦合的效果和机制,概述了应用MFCs构建传感器在线监测抗生素等方面的研究进展。结果表明:MFCs对多种抗生素都具有良好的去除效果,随着反应器构型、抗生素种类以及浓度和运行时间等参数的不同,抗生素、抗性基因的去除效果以及阳极微生物群落有较大差异;MFCs与人工湿地等技术的耦合,有利于增强抗生素的去除效果,为MFCs的实际应用提供了新方向;利用MFCs作为生物传感器可实现废水中抗生素含量的在线监测,但目前尚处于起步阶段。基于上述结论,MFCs可以有效地去除废水中的抗生素,但对抗生素耐药基因的控制效果还亟待研究;如何实现MFCs的长期稳定运行并实际应用是后续研究的重点方向。

Antibiotics are widely used in the fields of medical treatment, animal husbandry, as well as aquaculture. A large amount of the parent antibiotics used are released into the environment through discharge via feces and urine, posing potential risks to human health and ecosystems. It also brings the issues of antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs). Antibiotic resistance has become the research focus in recent years. Microbial fuel cells(MFCs), which utilize microorganisms on the anode to produce electricity through biomass and simultaneously realize the purpose of wastewater treatment, has been widely studied these days. As a result, the aim of this paper was to review the degradation efficiency and degradation pathways of antibiotics, as well as the variation of microbial communities in MFCs. The effect and mechanism were also considered when MFCs was coupled with other technologies. Finally, the latest research on the on-line monitoring of antibiotics by MFCs sensor is also summarized. In total, the results indicated that MFCs showed a good removal effect on antibiotics. The removal efficiency of antibiotics and resistance genes and the microbial community of anodes are different with the reactor configuration, antibiotic types, as well as the initial concentrations and operation time. The coupling of MFCs and constructed wetlands is beneficial to enhance the removal efficiency of antibiotics, providing a new direction for the practical application of MFCs. As a biosensor, MFCs realizes the on-line monitoring of antibiotics content in wastewater by measuring the output voltage, but it is still in its infancy. However, it has been widely used in the on-line monitoring of biochemical oxygen demand and heavy metals, which can provide a reference for the on-line monitoring of antibiotics. Above all, MFCs can effectively remove antibiotics from wastewater, but the control of ARGs still needs to be further studied. The long-term stable operation and practical application of MFCs are the research focus in the future on the pollution control of antibiotic wastewaters. These conclusions will provide theoretical basis for the effective treatment of the follow-up antibiotic wastewater.