基于遥感数据的地质灾害调查与分布规律分析

Investigation and analysis of distribution of geological hazards based on remote sensing data

利用国产高分辨率遥感数据,本文对四川省西北某区域开展地质灾害遥感解译与现场验证,共确定存在明显威胁对象的地质灾害隐患点405处,这些隐患点以崩滑灾害为主、泥石流灾害次之。利用GIS空间分析,研究灾害隐患点分布与海拔高程、地形坡度和河流水系效应之间的规律关系。结果表明,区域内地质灾害隐患点分布较为集中,主要沿河流干道分布;高程分布方面,约86.7%地质灾害点分布在2-3千米高程;地形分布方面,约68.4%地质灾害点分布在20°~40°坡度;河流水系效应方面,约85.4%地质灾害点发育在距水系600米内的区域。

This paper uses domestic high-scorce remote sensing data to carry out remote sensing interpretation and on-site verification of geological disasters in a certain area of northwestern Sichuan.A total of 405 geological hazard points with obvious threats are identified,including the main cause of collapse and slip disasters,followed by mudslide disasters.At the same time,GIS space analysis is used to analyze the distribution density of hidden danger points,and the relationship between altitude elevation,terrain slope and river water system effect distribution.The results show that the distribution of hidden danger points of geological disasters are concentrated in the area,mainly distributed along the main roads of the rivers;at 2-3 kilometers,accounting for 86.7% of all disasters;topographical elevation is mainly distributed in the range of 20°~40°,accounting for 68.4% of all disasters;in terms of river system effect,about 85.4% of geological disaster points are developed in a region 600 meters away from the water system.