童子戏的巫傩文化基因解析

Gene Analysis of Sorcery and Nuo Culture in Tongzi Opera

童子戏是苏北大地的古傩戏之分支,具有明显的巫傩文化的基因传承。就地缘而言,童子戏的主要流传地南通与连云港历史上都曾从属楚地,必然深受楚地巫风影响;就起源而言,南通与海州童子戏都是由有着悠久历史的古巫傩戏发展而来;就童子称呼而言,“小侲童”“香火”“师娘”“神师人”“恒巫”等别称存留着楚巫称呼的影子;另外,童子戏的演出形式和道具及其演出内容都有效传递了古巫傩文化基因。解析童子戏的巫傩文化基因,可为还原历史面貌、深入研究和保护童子戏这一国家级非物质文化遗产提供重要参考。

Tongzi Opera,a branch of ancient nuo culture in the northern part of Jiangsu,has the obvious gene of sorcery and nuo culture.Geographically,Nantong and Lianyungang once belonged to Chu region are the major areas of circulation of Tongzi Opera,they were inevitably influenced by the worship of gods and spirits.In terms of its origin,Tongzi Opera of Nantong and Haizhou both evolved from the ancient sorcery and nuo culture.In terms of the names in Tongzi Opera,XiaoChentong,Xianghuo,Shiniang,Shenshiren and Hengwu all contained the elements of Chu gods and spirits.Moreover,the performance form and props of Tongzi Opera,and the opera itself all reveal effectively the gene of the ancient sorcery and nuo culture.The gene analysis can help to restore the historical characteristics,provide the significant references for the further study and the protection of it as national intangible cultural heritage.