短暂性脑缺血发作进展为脑梗死的危险因素研究进展

Progress in risk factors research of transient ischemic attack develops into cerebral infarction

短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)作为常见的脑血管病,早期发生卒中的风险很高,如不积极控制相关危险因素,则进展为卒中的风险更高。但目前关于其影响因素的研究仅仅局限于高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病等基本危险因素,而越来越多的证据表明ApoB/ApoA值、高同型半胱氨酸血症(homocysteine,Hcy)、单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(monocyte/HDL-C ratio,MHR)、尿微量白蛋白(microalbuminuria,MAU)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR),阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)、卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)、颈动脉斑块、发作时间也与TIA的发生及进展为脑梗死有关,早期控制这些危险因素对于脑血管病的预防有重要的临床价值。

Transient ischemic attack(TIA) is a common cerebrovascular disease with a high risk of early stroke.If relevant risk factors are not actively controlled, there is a higher risk of progression to stroke. However, the current studies on its influencing factors are only limited to the basic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease. More and more evidences show that apoB to apoA ratio, hyperhomocysteinemia(Hcy), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio(MHR), microalbuminuria(MAU), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR), obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS), patent foramen ovale(PFO), carotid plaque and attack time are also related to the occurrence of TIA and the formation of positive lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI). Early control of these risk factors has important clinical value for the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases.