论汉字形声造字的阶段性特征

On the Periodic Characteristics of the Formation of Phonogram in Chinese Language

源于记录语音的需求,原始汉字中可能已出现形声结构。汉字形声造字的主流是为分化汉字记词职能而产生的分化形声字,支流是为增强汉字音、义信息而产生的强化形声字。在汉字发展早期阶段,分化形声字主要解决因文字假借和字义宽泛而导致的汉字一字多职问题;此后,因词义引申而引起的形声分化成为汉字形声造字的绝对主流。秦汉之后,汉语进入以双音词为主的局面,汉字形声分化的内在动力消失,但在惯性作用下,类化形声字和拼合形声字仍大量产生。随着惯性的逐渐减弱,汉字形声造字潮流在唐代逐渐进入尾声。

In view of the demand of recording speech, the pictophonetic structure may have appeared in the original Chinese characters. The mainstream of Chinese pictograph was the split pictograph generated for the function of recording Chinese characters, while the branch was the enhanced pictograph generated for the enhancement of Chinese phonetic and semantic information. In the early stage of the development of Chinese characters, the differentiated phonetic characters mainly solved the problem of multiple functions of one character due to the borrowed characters and the wide meaning of words. Since then, the phonetic differentiation caused by the extension of meaning had become the absolute mainstream of the formation of Chinese characters. After Qin and Han dynasties, a stage dominated by disyllabic words began, and the intrinsic power of the formation and sound differentiation of Chinese characters disappeared. With the gradual weakening of inertia, the trend of Chinese character formation in the tang dynasty came to an end.