汤旺河着生硅藻群落及其与环境因子的关系

Community of Benthic Diatoms and Their Relationship with Aquatic Environmental Factors in the Tangwang River, China

2018年8月(丰水期),在松花江支流汤旺河,调查了24个点位的着生硅藻群落结构和水环境特征.使用聚类分析、 Mcnaughton优势度分析和生态型分析3种方法研究了汤旺河着生硅藻群落结构和清洁度,使用主成分分析、 Spearman相关分析和冗余分析等方法研究了汤旺河着生硅藻群落和环境因子的响应关系.结果表明,汤旺河共鉴定出着生硅藻99种(变种),物种丰富.汤旺河丰水期水生态环境质量状况较为健康,着生硅藻主要由清洁种构成,其中Achnanthidium minutissimum优势度为0.32,为绝对优势种.聚类分析结果表明,汤旺河采样点位可分为3组;其中组1和组2健康程度较高,优势种均为清洁种,组3健康程度较其余两组偏低,Nitzschia palea和Ulnaria ulna等耐污种在组3的优势度增加.与组1相比,组2中-高度腐生型和中-富营养型硅藻比例有所增加,极度需氧型硅藻比例有所下降,影响组2硅藻群落结构变化的主要水质因子为高锰酸盐指数.与其他两组相比,组3富营养型硅藻和极度富营养型硅藻比例显著上升,影响组3硅藻群落结构变化的主要水质因子为NH4^+-N和TN.由此可见,着生硅藻群落可以有效地指示汤旺河水体腐生状况和营养状况.

To reasonably evaluate the eco-environmental health of the Tangwang River, which is a tributary of the Songhua River in China, community structures of periphyton and cleanliness of the benthic diatom at 24 sampling sites were investigated using McNaughton’s dominance index, clustering, and ecotype analysis, while the relationship between the environmental factors and the diatom communities were studied by principal component analysis, Spearman correlation test, and redundancy analysis, in August 2018(flood season). A total of 99 species or variants of benthic diatoms have been identified, indicating that there were abundant diatoms in the Tangwang River. Achnanthidium minutissimum and other diatoms that can be used as clean water indicators were dominant species in the Tangwang River, which indicates that the eco-environmental quality of the Tangwang River was relatively healthy in the flood season. Of these, the dominant degree of A. minutissimum was 0.32, making it the absolute dominant species in Tangwang River. Sampling sites can be divided into three groups based on clustering analysis. The dominant species of group 1 and group 2 were mainly clean species, indicating that the two groups were in a relatively healthy state. Nitzschia palea, Ulnaria ulna, and other diatoms that can be used as eutrophication indicators were the dominant species of group 3, indicating that group 3 was less healthy than the other two groups. From groups 1 and 2, the results from ecotype analysis showed a decrease in the proportion of polyoxybiontic diatoms and an increase in the proportion of α-mesosaphrobe diatoms, polysaprobe diatoms, oligo-mesotrophic diatoms, mesotrophic diatoms, meso-eutrophic diatoms, and eutrophic diatoms. Compared to the other two groups, the results from ecotype analysis showed a significant increase in the proportion of α-mesosaphrobe diatoms, polysaprobe diatoms, eutrophic diatoms and hypereutrophic diatoms in group 3. The predominant aquatic influencing factors of diatom community structures for the Tangwang River were permanganate index, total nitrogen(TN), and ammonia nitrogen(NH+4-N), of which permanganate index was the main factor for group 2, while TN and NH4^+-N were the main factors for group 3. As a result, the eco-environmental quality of the Tangwang River was good, and the benthic diatom was found to be an effective indicator of the nutritional conditions and saprophytic status.