锂离子电动汽车火灾危险性与应急救援研究

The Research of Fire Risk and Emergency Rescue of Lithium-Ion Electric Vehicle

结合国内外对锂离子电动汽车火灾危险性与应急救援的研究情况,分析了锂离子电动汽车内外火灾危险性因素,尤其是根据目前电动汽车采用的电池组材料和工艺特性,分析了其在过充、外短路、高温、超压、机械冲击等外冲击条件下的火灾危险性。根据热失控情况下各组件的热释放速率和生烟量等数据,对该类火灾应急救援方面问题进行了讨论,为该类型电动汽车应急救援研究及相关标准制订提供参考。

Combining with the domestic and foreign research on the fire hazard and emergency rescue of lithium-ion electric vehicles, this paper analyzes the internal and external fire hazard factors of lithium-ion electric vehicles, especially the fire hazard of lithium-ion electric vehicles under external shocks such as overcharge, external short circuit, elevated temperature,over-pressure and mechanical impact according to the material and process characteristics of battery packs currently used in electric vehicles. Based on the data of heat release rate and smoke generation of each component in the case of thermal runaway, the emergency rescue problems of this kind of fire are discussed, which can provide reference for the emergency rescue research of the type of electric vehicle and the formulation of relevant standards.