不同化学型互叶白千层优良单株选择及种质资源分子鉴别

Selection of Elite Individual Plants of Melaleuca alternifolia with Different Chemical Components and Molecular Identification of Germplasm Resources of M.alternifolia

通过初选、复选、决选获得4-松油醇型互叶白千层优良单株7株,单株得油量均大于10 g(11.30~26.58 g),含油率为1.00%~1.46%,精油中4-松油醇含量为38.04%~40.27%,1,8-桉叶素含量为1.09%~2.21%;获得1,8-桉叶素行互叶白千层优良单株22株,单株含油率>1.5%(1.521%~3.329%),精油的特征组分为1,8-桉叶素含量>60%(63.04%~69.61%),4-松油醇含量>1.0%(1.051%~2.528%),α–蒎烯:1%~5%,苧烯:5%~10%,α–松油醇:6%~15%。同时,本研究选取28份不同化学型的互叶白千层材料,采用SSR引物进行引物筛选和分子鉴别,获得多态性谱带64条,多态率为94.12%。遗传一致度为0.3035~0.8971;遗传距离为1.0075~9.4128。其中SSR标记将14个桉叶素型与9个4–松油醇型区分开。本研究结果为互叶白千层种质资源分子鉴别奠定了研究基础。

Seven elite individual trees of Melaleuca alternifolia containing high 4-terpineol were selected through primary selection, selection and final selection. These individual trees produced essential oil more than 10 g(11.30 g-26.58 g)/tree, and contained 1.00%-1.46% of essential oil, and the essential oil contained 38.04%-40.27% of 4-terpineol and 1.09%-2.21% of 8-cineole. Twenty two elite individuals of M.alternifolia containing 1, 8-cineole were selected and their essential oil content was more than 1.5%(1.521%-3.329%)/tree;the characteristic components of the essential oil of these individuals included 1,8-cineole(> 60%(63.04%-69.61%)), 4-terpineol(> 1.0%(1.051%-2.528%)), α – pinene(1%-5%), limonene(5%-10%), and α – terpinene( 6%-15%). At the same time 28 accessions of M. alternifolia with different chemical components were selected for molecular identification by using SSR primers, and 64 polymorphism bands were regenerated with a polymorphism rate of 94.12%. The range of genetic consistency was 0.3035-0.8971, and the range of genetic distance was 1.0075-9.4128. Among the 28 accessions 14 accessions containing 1, 8-cineole and 9 accesions containing 4-terpineol were identified by using the SSR markers. This may lay a foundation for molecular identification of M. alternifolia germplasm resources.