“一流”学科建设形势下决策情报服务实践与思考——以中美人工智能研究差距分析为例

Practice and Thinking of Decision-making Intelligence Analysis Service Under the Situation of"First-Class"Discipline Construction--Taking the Gap Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Research Between China and the United States for Instance

[目的/意义]“双一流”建设对决策情报分析的针对性和精准性提出了更高的要求。在强调质量、特色、内涵的“一流”学科谋划中,学科情报分析已经切实地起到了决策支持作用。本文是学科建设决策情报服务的实际工作经验总结和思考。[方法/过程]以近年中美人工智能领域学术论文、专利和自然科学基金资助项目为数据基础,依据文献计量、综合统计、前沿识别、专家咨询等方法,分析中美两国人工智能领域的研究差距,为人工智能相关学科的科研规划、学科交叉会聚、人才引育等方面的决策制定提供有效的情报支持。[结果/结论]分析发现近年两国在人工智能领域的研究动能、研究主体、研究方向上都存在差异。中国科研动能更大,论文、专利和基金项目数都超过美国。中国的研究主体主要是高校,美国的研究主体除了高校还有企业。中美有共同的研究方向,也有各自的优势研究方向。研究差距的明晰可以为相关学科的建设提供决策支持。同时在研究差距分析中综合利用文献计量、统计、知识发现结合专家咨询的情报服务方法也可为同行提供参考。

[Purpose/Significance]The"double first-class"construction puts higher demands on the pertinence and accuracy of decision-making intelligence service.In the"first-class"discipline planning that emphasizes quality,characteristics and connotation,discipline intelligence analysis has effectively played a role.This paper is a summary and reflection of the practical work experience of disciplinary construction decision-making intelligence services.[Method/Process]Based on the data of academic papers,patents and natural science funded projects in the field of artificial intelligence in China and the United States in recent years,the research gaps in the field of artificial intelligence between China and the United States are analyzed using methods such as bibliometrics,comprehensive statistics,frontier identification,and expert consultation.[Result/Conclusion]The analysis found that there have been differences in research kinetics,research subjects,and research directions in the field of artificial intelligence in recent years.China's scientific research is more kinetic,and the number of papers,patents,and funded projects exceeds that of the United States.The main research subjects in China are universities,while the research subjects in the United States are enterprises and universities.China and the United States have common research directions,and they also have their own research directions.The clarity of the research gap can provide effective intelligence support for decision-making in artificial intelligence-related research planning,cross-disciplinary convergence,and talent induction.In the research gap analysis,the comprehensive utilization of bibliometrics,statistics,knowledge discovery,expert advisory,and other information service methods can also provide reference for peers.