新时代工程师能力素质框架构建研究

Study on Construction of Engineer Ability Framework in the New Era

工程师能力素质框架的构建对工程师的培养、评价和激励具有重要的导向作用,基于框架形成的工程师能力素质标准不仅可以反映不同层次工程师所具有的特质,也能反映出工程师的成长规律。在顺应全球化发展趋势、推动绿色发展和可持续发展、应对第四次工业革命挑战、加强工程伦理构建、适应大型工程和复杂工程要求、响应"一带一路"倡议、落实新发展理念、支撑建设制造强国的新时代背景下,工程师的能力素质也有了新的变化。本研究综合国内外工程师的能力素质框架,结合新时代要求,按照麦克利兰的冰山模型,形成包括工程知识、专业技能、关键素质和伦理道德四个方面的我国新时代工程师能力素质框架,同时按照国际惯例,构建了初、中、高三级工程师对应的能力素质指标,最后提出完善工程师制度、促进工程师专业化和职业化发展、建立健全工程师认证和管理制度、充分发挥学会协会的积极作用、积极推进工程师国际互认工作等配套建议。

The construction of an engineer ability framework plays an important role in guiding the cultivation,evaluation and motivation of engineers.The standards of engineer ability based on the framework can not only reflect the characteristics of different levels of engineers,but also reflect the growth law of engineers.Under the New-era background of conforming to the trend of globalization,promoting the green development and sustainable development,coping with the challenge of the fourth industrial revolution,strengthening the construction of engineering ethics,meeting the requirements of large and complex projects,responding to the Belt and Road Initiative,implementing new development concept and supporting the construction of powerful manufacturing country,the ability of engineers has newly changed.According to McClelland’s iceberg model,the engineer ability framework in China should include engineering knowledge,professional skills,key qualities and ethics.According to the international practice,based on the engineer ability framework in the New Era,this paper puts forward ability indexes corresponding to junior,middle and senior engineers,and provides supporting suggestions on improving the engineer system,promoting the professional and occupational development of engineers,establishing and improving the engineer certification and management system,giving full play to the positive role of the societies and associations,actively promoting the international mutual recognition of engineers,etc.