目标大小、目标距离及交互方式对指点绩效的影响

Influence of Target Size and Distance to Target on Performance of Multiple Pointing Techniques

目的研究触屏、鼠标、触控板及视线指点4种交互方式在不同目标大小、目标距离下的指点绩效,为航天环境下人机交互设计提供依据。方法24名受试者通过4种交互方式完成屏幕上的目标指点任务,指点操作中涉及3种目标大小(7mm、10.5mm、14mm)和2种目标距离(35mm、70mm),通过分析指点操作时间及目标击中率来考察交互方式、目标大小和目标距离对指点绩效的影响。结果指点操作时间:触屏<鼠标<触控板<视线指点;目标击中率:触屏=鼠标>触控板>视线指点。4种交互方式的指点操作时间均基本符合费茨定律,即指点操作时间与难度系数线性正相关。相对于其他3种交互方式,视线指点的目标击中率受到目标大小的影响更大。结论对于中、小尺寸的按钮控件,触屏指点和鼠标指点的绩效相对较好,而触控板和视线指点的绩效相对较差。采用视线指点时,建议将目标大小设置在1.2°视角以上。

Objective To investigate the influence of target size and distance to target on the click performance of touchscreen,mouse,touchpad and eye-gaze input,and to serve as an effective reference for the design of human-computer interaction in aerospace.Methods Twenty-four participants completed the target click task under four pointing techniques.There were three target sizes(7mm,10.5 mm,14mm)and two distances to target(35mm,70mm)in the target click task.The target pointing time and target hit rate were used to evaluate the performance of the four pointing techniques under different conditions.Results The results were as follows,for target pointing time:touch screen<mouse<touchpad<eye-gaze input;for target hit rate:touch screen=mouse>trackpad>eye-gaze input.The target pointing time of the four pointing techniques generally followed Fitts’s law,i.e.,target pointing time was linearly related to the index of difficulty.Compared to the other three pointing techniques,the target hit rate of the eye-gaze input was influenced more by target size.Conclusion For the task of clicking on a button of small or medium size,the performance of touchscreen and mouse were better than the performance of touchpad and eye-gaze input.When using eye-gaze input,it was recommended to set the target size above 1.2°visual angle.