某空间气体监测仪热设计及试验验证

Thermal design of one space gas monitoring sensor and test validation

某空间气体监测仪结构布局紧凑,在较小尺寸空间内交错布置有8个镜头组件、11台电子设备内热源和2个电机。内热源数量众多,工作时间长,与镜头控温要求差别大,且1个电机为二维转动热源,这些特点给热设计带来挑战。为有效解决热控难题,采用了多种设计思路组合。基于热管理思路对监测仪各部组件热行为进行系统管理,以节省热控资源;基于间接热控思路对所处热环境复杂的光学镜头组件进行控温,提高其控温精度和温度稳定度;对转动电机则进行辐射冷却,避免在传热路径中引入挠性转动环节,以提高热控系统可靠性;并基于结构热控一体化设计,在结构上充分保证热设计各项需求。热平衡试验结果表明:高低温工况下,监测仪各部组件温度均满足指标要求,且整个寿命周期内,光学镜头温度稳定度较高,同一工况下光学镜头最大温度波动在1℃以内,实现了多热源复杂工作机制下光学镜头的高精度精密热控。

The structure layout of one space gas monitoring sensor is very compact. There are eight optical lens,eleven electronic devices and two motors staggered in the small-scale space. There were so many calorific equipments with long working hours and large power consumption, and their temperature control requirements were not consistent with the optical lens, the number of which was also large. Furthermore, one of the two motors was a two DOF turn motor during operating. These above characteristics make thermal design of the gas monitoring sensor a great challenge. To effectively solve the difficult problems of the gas monitoring sensor thermal design, combination of multy design methods were adopted. The thermal behavior of the gas monitoring sensor components were systematically managed based on the idea of thermal management to save thermal control resources. Indirect thermal control technology was used on the optical lens temperature control to guarantee meeting the high precision and stability requirement. Heat dissipation of the two DOF turn motor was achieved by radiation cooling, by which flexible rotating table could be avoided in the cooling path, so that thermal control system reliability could be improved. Finally, structural and thermal integrated design was applied to make sure the requirements of those above thermal design fully guaranteed in structure. The results of thermal balance test show that all components temperature meet the requirements no matter under cold case condition or hot case condition, and optical lens have high temperature stability throughout the life cycle. The maximum temperature fluctuation of all optical lens is less than 1 ℃ under the same case condition. High precision thermal control of optical lens are obtained under the condition of multiple heat source and complex working mechanism.