清前期西洋传教士传教活动中的船户教徒考

The Boatman Followers in the Missionary Activities of Western Missionaries in the Early Qing Dynasty

在康熙末年开始实行禁教政策,雍正帝、乾隆帝多次厉行禁教的社会背景下,教徒船户(船夫)成为西洋传教士的传教对象和传教助手。他们与传教士及传教的关系,可以归纳为三个方面,即:教徒船户运载传教士潜入活动地区;传教士借助船户舟船从事传教活动;不同地区间教徒借助教友船户进行互利、传布宗教信息,乃至传教活动。在禁教的社会环境中,船户教徒在对天主教在清朝的维持、教徒继续保持宗教信仰及其礼拜仪式的实现等方面,起到了某种桥梁与助力作用。

The government of Qing Dynasty implemented the policy of prohibition of missionary activities from the late of Kongxi emperor to Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors.The boatman became the member and assistant of the western missionaries.The boatman was affected by the western missionaries in three aspects.The boatman shipped the western missionaries to the places where the western missionaries slip into.The boatman provided the ship where the western missionaries took the missionary activities.The boatman from different areas conversate and join in the missionary activities.In the society of prohibition of missionary activities,the boatman followers became the bridge and assistants of the Catholicism missionary activities in the early of Qing Dynasty.