中国自贸区建设现状及其对策研究

Research on the status quo and countermeasures of China's free trade zone

近年来,中国加快了自贸区建设的推进速度,截至2019年底,已签订了17个自贸协定。相对而言,中国签订的自贸协定规则覆盖面还比较小、规则标准还比较低。与此同时,以CPTPP、USMCA协定为代表的高标准自贸协定,形成了数字贸易规则、知识产权规则、国有企业规则等多个非传统领域规则。我国应坚持长期宏观战略利益高于短期经济利益、先广覆盖后高标准价值导向和大型新兴经济体与发达经济体自贸谈判并重的原则,从组织上建立直属于最高决策机构的高标准自贸区战略机构、加强对非传统领域议题的整理与研究、建立针对新规则的损益衡量指标体系、健全高标准自贸区谈判的产业受损补偿机制,加快推进我国高标准自贸区建设。

In recent years,China has accelerated the pace of construction of the free trade zone.As of the end of 2019,17 free trade agreements have been signed.Relatively speaking,the coverage of the FTA rules signed by China is still relatively small and the standards of the rules are relatively low.At the same time,high-standard free trade agreements represented by the CPTPP and USMCA agreements have formed a number of non-traditional field rules such as digital trade rules,intellectual property rules,and state-owned enterprise rules.Thus,the paper suggests that China should adhere to the principles that long-term macro strategic benefits should be higher than short-term economic benefits,that broad coverage should be followed by high standard in value orientation,and that equal emphasis should be put on free trade negotiations between large emerging economies and developed economies.Based on these principles,China should set up high-standard trade zone strategic institutions that are directly subordinate to the top decision-making body,strengthen the organization and research of non-traditional issues,establish a profit and loss measurement index system for the new rules,improve the industrial damage compensation mechanism for high-standard free trade zone negotiations,and accelerate the development of China's high-standard free trade zone.