健康的韧性城市规划模型构建与策略

Healthy and Resilient City Planning Model Construction and Strategies

2020年春节前后爆发的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对我国城市应急能力和治理水平提出了巨大的挑战。文章反思了当前公共卫生防疫在设施布局、区域联防、预警机制和治理水平等方面的痛点,指出营造健康的韧性城市迫在眉睫;随后引入韧性理论,分析了韧性城市的内涵以及国内外研究和实践进展,进而构建了健康韧性城市规划的EERR("双评估"和"双响应")模型,并提出了韧性城市构建策略:首先,通过建设有机的健康城市结构、谨慎布局卫生风险类设施,营造韧性的空间格局;其次,以平灾结合、刚弹相济的理念分区分级分类规划公共卫生设施,并对应急设施进行战略性预留;再次,对疫情期间的交通系统和应急物流实施分区分块的弹性管理方案;最后,利用互联网和大数据技术提高治理水平,并通过数据共享,跨区域联合建立风险管理体系。

The COVID-19 has posed a great challenge to emergency response and governance capability of cities.With a reflection on the problems of public health system on epidemic prevention facility layout,regional coordination,early warning mechanism,and governance level,indicates the emergency of healthy and resilient city development.The paper further analyzes the connotation and progress of resilient city,establishes an EERR model(Evaluation of risk,Evaluation of resilience,Response of spatial plan,and Response of governance system)for resilient city planning,and puts forwards resilient city construction strategies:first a resilient spatial pattern with organic urban structure and public health layout shall be established;then zoned,categorized,leveled public health facilities shall be planned with normal-emergency combined and flexible-rigid integrated concepts;transportation and emergency logistics shall be managed with different units at emergency period;finally big data and internet technology shall be used to establish a cross regional risk management system.