中国大气污染防治投融资机制分析

Analysis of investment and financing mechanism of air pollution prevention and control in China

随着中国环境治理工作力度的加大,大气污染防治投资也实现大幅增长,已从2001年的275.1亿元增长至2016年的3067.5亿元,年均增长17.4%,但主要大气污染物排放量仍处于千万吨级高位,现有投资与实现环境质量根本好转的资金需求仍有较大差距,且还存在政府和市场边界不清晰、事权划分不清、回报机制缺失等问题。针对以上问题,建议通过加大财政资金支持、完善监管机制、建立配套措施来完成大气污染防治工作,具体包括:合理划分中央和地方事权,增大中央大气污染防治专项规模、扩大北方清洁取暖试点城市范围,将资金安排与地方环境改善联动,带动地方投入;加强监管执法,推动企业落实治理责任;健全资源环境产品价格形成机制,推进治理模式创新,吸引社会资金投入。

With the strengthening of environmental management in China,the investment in air pollution prevention and control was also increased significantly,from 27.51 billion yuan in 2001 to 306.75 billion yuan in 2016,with an average annual growth rate of 17.4%.However,the emission of major air pollutants was still at the level of 10 million tons.There was still a big gap between the existing investment and the demand for funds to achieve a fundamental improvement in environmental quality.Unclear boundary between the government and the market,unclear division of powers,and lack of reward mechanisms were also major problems.In response to the above problems,it was recommended to complete the prevention and control of air pollution by increasing financial support,improving the supervision mechanism and establishing supporting measures,including rationally dividing the central and local powers,increasing the scale of central air pollution prevention and control funds,expanding the scope of clean heating pilot cities in Northern China,linking the capital arrangement with the improvement of the local environment,and driving local investments;strengthening supervision and law enforcement,and promoting enterprises to implement their governance responsibilities;improving the pricing mechanism for resources and environment products,promoting innovations in governance model,and attracting social capital investments.