Airway Network Characteristics Based on Complex Network Model

基于复杂网络模型的航路网络特性分析

Airway networks are the basic carriers of air traffic.Characterizing airway networks will significantly improve the operating efficiency of aviation.This study is targeted at the airway network composed of 1479 waypoints in 2018 of China.Together with spatial structures,traffic flow characteristics,and the dominating traffic flow,four airway network models are constructed from the perspective of complex networks,including physical airway network,airway traffic network,directed airway traffic network,and dominance-based directed airway traffic network.Then the topological characteristics of different networks are statistically analyzed by using typical network measure indices,and the differences of these indices among different networks are investigated.Thereby,composite indices are proposed.Statistical results show that the airway network under the influence of traffic flows exhibits richer heterogeneity and asymmetrical between-node relationship,and the distributions of indices among different networks are significantly different.Comparative analysis of composite indices and traffic flows show that some waypoints yield great results in multiple composite indices and traffic volumes;some waypoints display large results in multiple composite indices but low traffic flows,and other waypoints only perform well in certain composite indices.The importance levels of waypoints are divided,by the K-means method based on degree composite index,betweenness composite index and closeness composite index,into three levels,and the reasonableness of clustering results is validated by the statistical results of traffic flows,airport number,and flight delay.

航路网络是航空运输的基本载体,挖掘其特征对航空运行效率的提高有显著意义。以2018年中国大陆1479个航路点组成的航路网络为研究对象,结合空域结构、交通流特征以及交通流支配关系等,从复杂网络视角构建了物理航路网络、无向航路交通网络、有向航路交通网络,以及基于交通流支配关系的有向航路交通网络等4个网络模型。基于典型网络测度指标统计了不同网络的拓扑特征,并分析了典型测度指标在不同网络中所展现的差异特征,进而提出了测度指标的综合指数概念。统计结果表明,航路网络在交通流的影响下展现了更丰富的异质性,节点间的关系并不对称,不同网络中的指标分布特征有明显差异。测度指标综合指数和交通量水平的对比分析表明,某些航路点不但在多个测度指标的综合指数中有较大值且交通量繁忙;某些航路点虽然在多个测度指标的综合指数中有较大的值,但交通量不繁忙;还有一些航路点只在某一特定指标的综合指数中比较突出。为反映航路点的综合重要程度,采用K?means方法基于度综合指数、介数综合指数、接近度综合指数将航路点的重要性划分为3个级别,交通量、机场数量、航班延误等的统计结果验证了分级结果的合理性。