清至民国时期贵州茶业经营及其影响研究

Study on Guizhou Tea Industry Management and Its Influence from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

1840年鸦片战争后,作为中国传统的主要出口商品茶叶,由于外国列强入侵,国内政局不稳,茶叶产额迅速下降,如何发展茶叶经济,成了清廷和民国政府之急务。对此,黔省执政者、学界等针对省境茶业经营存在的具体问题,采取了积极应对策略,提出了茶叶统一经营、茶叶管护、茶叶加工诸多建设性举措,这些举措中系统的茶叶管护知识,一定程度促进了黔茶发展,故总结其间历史经验教训,因地制宜持续发展山地绿色生态经济,对于今天贵州省“守住发展和生态两条底线”,推进山地农业文化遗产保护、传承和申报有着积极意义。

After the opium war in 1840,the domestic political situation was unstable due to the inva sion of foreign powers.As the main export commodity in China,the tea production declined rapidly.How to develop the tea economy became the urgent task of the Qing court and the government of the Republic of China.Therefore,the governors of Guizhou Province,academia,etc.,have taken active measures to deal with the specific problems existing in the operation of the tea industry in the prov ince,and proposed a number of constructive measures for unified management of tea,tea manage ment and tea processing.The systematic knowledge of tea management and protection in these mea sures has promoted the development of Guizhou tea to a certain extent.Therefore,to sum up the his torical experience and lessons during this period,adapting to local conditions to continuously devel op the green ecological economy of the mountainous region have a positive meaning for Guizhou Prov ince today,especially in promoting“holding the two bottom lines of development and ecology”and promoting the protection,inheritance and application of mountainous agricultural cultural heritage.