论耒耜之耕在西南喀斯特山区的延续与创新——以“百苗图”中“克孟牯羊苗”为例

On the Continuation and Innovation of Leisi’s Ploughing in the Karst Mountain Areas of Southwest China:A Case Study of“Kemenggu Yangmiao”in“Baimiao Map”

现存“百苗图”诸抄本中所记载的“克孟牯羊苗”,就明确提到了“钱镈”这一与耒耜相似的农具,而且还对这样的农具绘有彩图。对比“百苗图”不同抄本的绘图后,“钱镈”的形制与效用得到清晰的说明和揭示。再辅以当代的田野调查后,发现“耒耜之耕”之所以能够在西南地区获得稳定延续,乃是当地苗族接收、吸纳、消化与创新外来文化,并使之适应于当地特殊生态系统的产物。以此为例,不得不承认,文化的传播绝非机械照搬,往往是吸收消化外来文化事项后并创新利用,使之适应于当地特殊环境的一种文化表达。

In the extant manuscripts of“Baimiao map”,the“Kemenggu Yangmiao”clearly refers to the“Qianbo”which is similar to Lei’s agricultural implements,and there are also colored drawings of such implements.After comparing the drawings of different manuscripts of“Baimiao map”,the shape and utility of“Qianbo”are clearly explained and revealed.With the help of the contemporary field survey,it is found that the reason why the“Leisi Cultivation”can be stably continued in the southwest is that the local Miao people receive,absorb,digest and innovate the foreign culture,and adapt it to the local special ecosystem.Taking this as an example,we have to admit that the spread of culture is not a mechanical copy,but a kind of cultural expression that absorbs and digests foreign cultural matters and makes innovative use of them to adapt them to the local special environment.