依附性自治的权能实现与制度完善——基于重庆市W社区的调研

The Realization of the Power of Dependent Autonomy and the Perfection of the System:A Case Study of W Community in Chongqing

宪政框架下的城市社区居民自治不仅是一种民主实现机制,更是一种基层社会治理机制。以居委会选举为特征的形式自治之不足并不代表居民自治的无效。基于重庆市W社区的调研可以发现,人口老龄化、居住老旧化和资源匮乏的维持型社区对正式权力呈现出明显的依附性。但是,通过自我行政化和自治单元拓新,维持型社区基本实现了秩序和民主。故此,社区自治的关键是发掘自治资源而非去行政化。鉴于依附性自治的不可持续性,限制过度行政化、引入市场机制、规范院坝会和落实党建引领是未来社区居民自治制度完善的重要方向。

Residents’autonomy under the constitutional framework is not only a democratic mecha nism,but also a governance mechanism of rural community.The formalization of the election of resi dent’committee does not mean that the residents’autonomy is invalid.Based on the investigation of W community in Chongqing,we can find that the community shows the characteristics of aging popu lation,aging residential and lacking of resources.And this maintenance-oriented community has strong dependence on the power of administration.However,the maintenance-oriented community has basically achieved order and democracy through self-administralization and innovation of autono mous unit,in the scenarios of co-governance,step by step mobilization,regulation of deviant behav ior and construction of social capital.Therefore,the key to the residents’autonomy is to explore au tonomy resources rather than de-administralization.Because of the unsustainability of dependency autonomy,we need to improve the system of residents’autonomy.For example,we should limit ex cessive administralization,introduce market mechanism,standardize courtyard-meeting and imple ment party building and so on in the future.