地方性知识、民间权威与借贷纠纷解决——基于新疆乡村田野调查和典型案例的分析

Local Knowledge,Civil Authorities and Private Lending Dispute Resolutions:Micro Evidence from Xinjiang rural investigations and Typical Cases

依据新疆少数民族农村入户调查及民间权威访谈一手资料的整理和编写的基础上,从地方性知识的视角,结合非正式制度理论,通过田野调查和典型案例分析了农村民间借贷纠纷的解决机理。研究发现,农贷资金在乡村内部难以公平传递,是村民诉求熟人共同体内融资的主要原因,而不完备合约、高利率和多重性担保,是农民之间借贷纠纷产生的重要原因;民间权威以特定社会村民普遍接受的本土文化观念体系为特征,嵌入村庄共同体内用非正式制度解决借贷纠纷的有效单元;当今新疆农村民间借贷纠纷解决方式有自行协商、基层非正式渠道和共同处理等三种路径,这三种路径的运作都离不开与国家正式解纷系统和民间非正式解纷系统的交搭互动。这种非正式实践深刻反映出当今国家、村委会与民间权威三者之间在纠纷解决领域中的互动关系。

According to field surveys and a participant observation on Uyghur villages in Xinjiang,combined relevant information and data obtained from in-depth interviews and investigation,and us ing case analysis method,the present article tries to analyze the mechanism of dispute resolution of ru ral private lending under the perspective of local knowledge and the guidance of informal institution theory.It is found that it is difficult for rural credit funds to be transmitted fairly within the house holds,which is the main reason for households 5 to ask for acquaintances in the community while in complete contracts,high interest rates and multiple guarantees are as an important causes of disputes among households;Folk authority is an effective unit for the resolution of rural private lending dis putes with informal institutions embedded in the village communities.At present,there are three paths to settle the rural private lending disputes in Xinjiang:self-negotiation,grass-roots informal channels,and joint processing.These three paths are inseparable from the cooperation with the na tional formal dispute resolution system and the non-governmental informal dispute resolution system.interactive.This informal practice deeply reflects the interactive relationship between the state,the village committee and the private authority in the field of dispute resolution.