作为通过仪式的凉山彝族“尼木措毕”及其象征意义——基于甘洛县格尔家支的田野调查

Symbolic Significance:Based on the Fieldwork of Ge’er Clan in Ganluo County

“尼木措毕”是彝族民间最大型的祭祖仪式,是死者的终极“归宿”,也是生者不可避免的责任。如今该仪式已成为国家级非物质文化遗产代表性名录。彝族文化语境中认为祖灵具有赐福与致祸后代的双重属性,死后及时举行“尼木措毕”仪式,先祖将赐予福禄,反之则会遭到祸患。基于象征人类学的视野,运用仪式过程理论,通过田野调查和深度访谈,对“尼木措毕”仪式及其象征意义进行阐释,并揭示仪式活动背后人们以血缘关系为纽带、以集体行动应对现实苦难的实践过程。

“Nimucuobi”is the largest ancestor worship ceremony of Yi people,which is the ultimate“destination”of the dead and the inevitable responsibility of the living.Nowadays the ceremony has become a representative list of stated-leveled intangible cultural heritage.In the cultural context of Yi people,it is believed that ancestral spirits has the dual attributes of blessing and causing disaster to the offspring.After death,the ceremony of“Nimucuobi”will be held in time,and the ancestors will be given wealth,otherwise,they will suffer disaster.They attribute the root of the disaster to the punishment of the three generations of ancestral spirits who did not take“Nimucuobi”.Under the log ic of this explanation,the poor Ger need to make joint efforts to raise funds to hold a ceremony which can get forgiveness and blessing from their ancestors.From the perspective of symbolic anthropology,Using the theory of ritual process,through field investigation and in-depth interview,this paper ex plains the ceremony of“Nimucuobi”and its symbolic significance,and reveals the practical process of people,who use the blood lineage as the link behind the ritual activities.take collective action to reply the suffering.