水蒸气蒸馏法提取姜黄挥发性成分的提取动力学考察

Kinetic study of extraction of volatile components from turmeric by steam distillation

目的:揭示姜黄挥发性成分在提取过程中的成分溶出规律,探讨“乳化”现象产生的原因。方法:水蒸气蒸馏法提取姜黄挥发油,每30min收集冷凝液,分离挥发油部分和芳香水部分,二者均以正二十二烷为内标物进行GC-MS分析并相对定量。绘制挥发油提取特征热力图,明确成分在挥发油或芳香水中的分布及主要特征成分溶出曲线;通过分析水中特有成分与挥发油主要成分的关系,总结出水中特有成分对挥发油主要成分的溶出影响,从化学成分角度探讨导致挥发油提取过程中产生“乳化”现象的原因。结果:GC-MS共解析挥发性成分71个,其中主要成分为芳姜黄酮、姜黄新酮、姜黄酮等。芳香水溶液中特有成分有39个,挥发油特有成分有9个,油水共有成分有23个。水中特有成分与芳香水中主要成分芳姜黄酮呈正相关关系,姜黄新酮、姜黄酮呈先升高后降低的作用趋势。结论:水蒸气蒸馏法提取姜黄挥发油的过程中,部分成分特异性的在芳香水、挥发油体系中分布,芳香水中特有成分增加了挥发油主要成分在水体系中的含量,可能是导致挥发油提取过程中产生“乳化”现象的原因。

Objective:To reveal the rule of components dissolution in the extraction process of the volatile components of turmeric,and to explore the cause of the‘emulsification’phenomenon.Methods:The turmeric volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation,and the condensate was collected at a fixed time interval(30min).The volatile oil part and the aromatic water part were separated,and both were analyzed by GC-MS with n-Docosane as the internal standard and were relatively quantified.The heat map of the characteristics of volatile oil extraction was drawn to clarify the distribution of the components in volatile oil or aromatic water and the dissolution curve of the main characteristic components.By analyzing the relationship between the specific components in the water and the main components of the volatile oil,the effects of the specific components in the water on the main components of volatile oil were summarized.From the perspective of composition,the reason for the‘emulsification’phenomenon in the process of volatile oil extraction was discussed.Results:There were 71 volatile components analyzed by GC-MS,the main components of which including aromatic Turmerone(aR-Turmerone),Curlone and Tumeron,etc.There were 39 unique components in aromatic aqueous solution,while 9 in volatile oil.There were 23 components in both aromatic aqueous solution and volatile oil.The specific components in water were positively correlated with the main component aR-Turmerone in aromatic water,and further positively correlated with the Curlone and Tumerone.Conclusion:In the extraction of volatile oil from turmeric,some components are specifically distributed in aromatic water and volatile oil system.The components of aromatic water increase the contents of the main volatile components in the water system,which may lead to the production of‘emulsification’during the extraction process of volatile oil.