岭南地区人群中医体质分布特征与关联规则分析

Analysis of Distribution Characteristics and Association Rules of Chinese Medicine Constitution among People in Lingnan Region

目的:对岭南地区人群中医体质辨识进行横断面调查,通过数据分析掌握岭南地区人群中医体质分布规律及特点,为优化中医药健康管理提供科学依据。方法:采用标准化的9种中医体质量表调查法,结合中医四诊综合辨识,收集岭南地区人群的中医体质辨识结果并进行流行病学分析。结果:岭南地区人群9种中医体质分布以偏颇体质为主(占85.0%),9种体质(兼夹体质合并在主要体质类型内)主要为:气虚质(占50.6%)、阳虚质(占12.7%)、阴虚质(占8.3%)。男女性别在体质分布方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男、女体质分布情况:气虚质、阴虚质、血瘀质男女分布无明显差异(P>0.05);痰湿质、湿热质、特禀质男性多于女性(P<0.05);阳虚质、气郁质女性多于男性(P<0.05)。岭南地区人群共有的38种中医体质,其前10种依次为气虚质、平和质、气虚质合并湿热质、气虚质合并气郁质、气虚质合并阴虚质、阳虚质、气虚质合并阳虚质、阴虚质、气虚质合并痰湿质、痰湿质;其中,气虚质合并湿热质、气虚质合并痰湿质、痰湿质男性多于女性(P<0.05);气虚质合并气郁质、阳虚质、气虚质合并阳虚质女性多于男性(P<0.05)。关联度分析:最常与其他体质相兼的休质是气虚质和血瘀质;最常见的关联体质是气虚质合并湿热质、气虚质合并气郁质、气虚质合并阴虚质。体质与年龄的相关性分析表明:气郁质主要集中在21~50岁,在20岁之前与年龄呈正相关,在41~50年龄段则呈负相关;特禀质在<20岁年龄段所占比例最高,应用Spearman相关分析显示特禀质与低龄人群有相关性(P<0.05);血瘀质随着年龄的增加,所占比例呈上升趋势;痰湿质在31~50岁与年呈正相关;阳虚质在51岁以后与年龄呈正相关,随着年龄增大,发生率呈上升趋势。结论:岭南地区人群中医体质分布以虚性偏颇体质为主,且以气虚质为主;性别、年龄等因素影响着体质分布。

Objective:To conduct a cross-sectional study onChinese medicine constitution identification among people in Lingnan region,analyze and master thedistribution laws and characteristics of Chinese medicine constitution among people in Lingnan region via big data,and provide scientific reference for optimizing Chinese medicine health management. Methods:Adopted 9 kinds of standard investigation methods via Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire, combined comprehensive identification with four diagnostic methodsin Chinese medicine, collected the results of Chinese medicine constitution identification among people in Lingnan region and conducted an epidemiological analysis. Results: Among 9 kinds of Chinese medicine constitution among people in Lingnan region,biased constitution dominantly appeared(accounting for 85.0%). 9 kinds of constitutions(composite constitution included in the main constitution types) were mainly as follow:qideficiency constitution(accounting for 85.0%), yang-deficiency constitution(accounting for 12.7%), and yin-deficiency constitution(accounting for 8.3%). There was a significant difference in physical distribution between men and women(P<0.05).The distributions of constitution types in different genders were as follow: there was no significant difference being found in male and female constitution distribution of qi-deficiency constitution,yin-deficiency constitution and blood-stasis constitution(P>0.05);phlegm-damp constitution,damp-heat constitution and allergic constitution in male appeared more than those in female(P<0.05);yang-deficiency constitution and qi-depression constitution in female appeared more than those in male(P<0.05). There were 38 kinds of common Chinese medicine constitution typesamong people in Lingnan region, and the top 10 were qi-deficiency constitution, constitution of yin-yang harmony, qi-deficiency constitution combined with damp-heat constitution,qi-deficiency constitution combined with qi-depression constitution,qi-deficiency constitution combined with yin-deficiency constitution,yang-deficiency constitution,qi-deficiency constitution combined with yang-deficiency constitution, yin-deficiency constitution, qi-deficiency constitution combined with phlegm-damp constitution,and phlegm-damp constitution respectively;among them,qi-deficiency constitution combined with dampheat constitution, qi-deficiency constitution combined with phlegm-damp constitution and phlegm-damp constitution in male appeared more than those in female(P<0.05);qi-deficiency constitution combined with qi-depression constitution,yang-deficiency constitution and qi-deficiency constitution combined with yang-deficiency constitution in female appeared more than those in male(P<0.05). The analysis of association rules was as follows: qi-deficiency constitution and bloodstasis constitution were the most common constitution types which could be combined with other constitution types;qideficiency constitution combined with damp-heat constitution, qi-deficiency constitution combined with qi-depression constitution and qi-deficiency constitution combined with yin-deficiency constitution were the most common associated constitution types. The analysis of correlation between constitution and age was as follows: qi-depression constitution mainly fell upon the age group of 21 to 50 years old,being positively correlated with age of less than 20 years old;it was negatively correlated in the age group of 41 to 50 years old. Allergic constitution made up the highest proportion in the age group of less than 20 years old,and it revealed a correlation with people at low age after correlation analysis via Spearman(P<0.05). As age increased, the proportion of blood-stasis constitution presented an upward tendency. There was a positive correlation between age and phlegm-damp constitution in the age group of 31 to 50 years old. There was a positive correlation between ageand yang-deficiency constitution with the age ofover 51 years old, and as age increases, the incidence appearedan upward tendenccy. Conclusion: Chinese medicine constitution distribution among people in Lingnan region is mainly deficient-biased constitution,qi-deficiency constitution in particular;numerous factors including gender and age have effect on constitution distribution.