从山水之国到山水之城

From Shan-shui Country to Shan-shui City

中国是一个非常幸运的国家,古老的文明从未中断。一种文化能够传承数千年而不衰,其中必有原因。世界上许多伟大的思想都来自于日常的生活,发源并生长于脚下的土地。中国文化产生的基础是农业,作为农耕民族,我们的祖先对土地有一种特殊的情感和眷恋,因为土地是生存之本,是收获的来源。勤劳质朴的中国人在土地上挥洒着自己的汗水,养成了对土地的依赖和信仰,创造出一种追求循环往复和生生不息的农耕文明。为了发展农业,他们在实践中不断摸索,基于中国多山和多河流湖泊的自然条件,因地制宜,修筑堤坝,蓄水引流,建设水利工程。人工开挖的位于山脚和低洼地星罗棋布的陂湖,储蓄了山间洪水和各种汇水;不同尺度的运河串联起自然河川与湖泊;塘河及引水渠联系着运河与陂湖,将水引向四方;乡村的沟渠像毛细血管一样,贯穿于村落农地,滋养着土地。如此,构筑了覆盖国土的在一定程度上蓄泄可控的水系网络。

China is a very lucky country,and the ancient civilization has never been interrupted.There must be a reason for a culture to survive for thousands of years.Many great thoughts in the world come from everyday life,and originate and grow in the land beneath our feet.The foundation of Chinese culture is agriculture.As a farming nation,our ancestors had a special feeling and nostalgia for the land,because land is the basis of survival and the source of harvest.The industrious and pristine Chinese people sweated on the land,cultivated their dependence on and belief in the land,and created a kind of farming civilization that pursues cycles and endlessness.In order to develop agriculture,they constantly explored in practice,and based on the natural conditions of China's mountains and rivers and lakes,tailored to local conditions,built dams,stored water and diverted water,and constructed water conservancy projects.The artificially excavated lakes at the feet of mountains and low-lying land are scattered to save mountain floods and catchments;canals of different scales connect natural rivers and lakes;pond rivers and diversion channels connect the canals and lakes to divert water to all directions;the ditches in villages,like capillaries,run through villages and agricultural land and nourish the land.In this way,a storage and discharge controllable-to a certain extent-water system network covering the whole country is constructed.