山水城市视野下的杭绍古城山城关系研究

Study on the Hill Scenery of Hangzhou and Shaoxing Ancient Cities from the View of Shan-shui City

山水城市是传统文化语境下的美好城市人居环境,体现了风景园林与城市的有机关系。以杭绍古城山丘为研究对象,主要考察1 600多年中,从建城到基本格局固定的历史样貌,并进一步研究其在山水城市形成和发展中的重要作用。比较杭绍两城山城关系异同,发现在同样的山水理法之下,存在"仙山"和"形胜"2种景观意象,并由此形成2种山水城市意象原型。在此过程中,通过自然与人文的融合,山丘成为城市重要文化景观。在新时代,要继承和发展山水城市优秀传统,建设以人为中心的、生态和文态俱美的公园城市。

In ancient China, cities were usually built according to terrains. Beautiful cities with hills and waters were constructed by relying on and remodeling nature. With hill landscape construction in ancient Hangzhou and Shaoxin as the research object, this paper studies the appearance of the two cities during 1600 years from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Southern Song Dynasty, from being firstly built to being fixed. After comparing the two cities, it is found that even under the same ideal of building a shan-shui city with hills and waters there were two landscape concepts, i.e. "fairy hills" and "advantageous terrain", which led to two different city space structures. In the modern times, the good tradition of shanshui cities with hills and waters should be inherited and developed so as to build human-centered, ecological and cultural park cities full of energy.