结合自然山水格局的隋唐长安都城区域景观营造研究

Research on Regional Landscape Construction of Chang’an in Sui and Tang Dynasties Combined with Structures of Natural Hills and Waters

区域自然山水对营造诗意的栖居环境具有根本性作用,探究传统智慧中基于自然山水格局的都市区域景观营造的理论方法至关重要,隋唐长安都城区域景观是综合性、区域性考虑的典范。首先研究关中自然山水空间内外层次与组织结构,然后将研究区分为外圈边界关隘层、中圈水利农田层、内圈城市本体层,从结构、模式、分区、选址、朝对关系、借景、轴线等角度讨论结合关中自然山水格局的区域景观营造方法。研究所得结果显示:山、塬、原、滩、河嵌套穿插的山水空间,4类关隘景观,6类水利农田景观区,"高敞-六爻"模式的空间规划原则,以南山为阙的朝对关系,融合南山峰谷与功能需求的非均衡复合轴线景观等。对隋唐长安都城区域景观营造与自然山水和谐统一的方法措施进行研究,以期有助于区域空间规划等的实践。

Regional scenery with hills and waters plays a fundamental role in creating a poetic dwelling environment,so exploring the theory and methods of creating urban regional landscape based on them in traditional wisdom is important.The landscape construction of Chang’an in Sui and Tang Dynasty is a model of comprehensive and regional consideration.Firstly,the inner-outer levels and structures of hills and waters are recognized.According to the circle-like structure awareness of the ancient city and so on,this paper divided Guanzhong into three layers,namely the outer boundary pass layer,the middle water conservancy and farmland layer,and the inner city layer to discuss how to construct the Chang’an regional scenery based on the natural hills and water.Then it discusses from the perspectives of structure,pattern,zoning,site,view borrowing,axis and so on.The main outputs include:mountains,tableland,plains,beaches and rivers are interlaced with multi-layer embedded space;4 types of pass landscape model;6 water conservancy and farmland landscape zones;spatial planning principle of"high open-six trigram"pattern;the orientation between the South Mountain and the imperial court;and integrating the South Mountain valley and functional requirements to create an unbalanced composite axis landscape.The study on the methods and measures for the harmonious unification of landscape construction with natural landscape is expected to contribute to the practice of regional space planning and landscape construction.