儿童急性中毒91例临床特征及预后分析

Analysis on clinical characteristics and prognosis of 91 cases of acute poisoning in children

目的分析儿童急性中毒的临床表现特征及预后情况,以期为儿童急性中毒的预防和治疗提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2013年1月~2019年1月某综合医院收治的91例7岁以下急性中毒患儿的临床资料,对中毒原因、临床表现及治疗结果进行描述性分析。结果 91例中毒患儿中,误服农药35例(38.89%),误服各类药物33例(36.67%),误服其他22例(24.44%);幼儿期(1~3岁)和农村儿童最多,分别为59例(64.84%)和76例(83.52%);中毒患儿的临床表现以消化系统、神经系统为主,不同中毒种类的临床表现差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。治愈53例(58.00%),好转32例(35.00%);平均住院天数2.99 d。结论儿童急性中毒多发生在农村,以幼儿期为主,多为农药和药物误服引起的意外中毒。应加强对家长和儿童的安全防范意识教育,减少儿童急性中毒的发生。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute poisoning in children and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of acute poisoning in children.Methods The clinical data of 91 children aged under seven years who were admitted to a general hospital from January 2013 to January 2019 due to acute poisoning were retrospectively analyzed.Descriptive analysis was made on the causes,clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of poisoning.Results Among 91 cases of poisoning,accidental ingestion of pesticides,various drugs and others accounted for 38.89%(n=35),36.67%(n=33)and 24.44%(n=22),respectively.Most of the children were in preschool period(1-3 years)and came from rural area,accounting for 64.84%(n=59)and 83.52%(n=76),respectively.The clinical reactions of children with poisoning were mainly presented in digestive system and nervous system.There was statistical difference in the clinical manifestations of different types of poisoning(P<0.01).Among all the children,53 cases(58%)were cured and 32 cases(35%)got improvement.The average length of stay was 2.99 days.Conclusion Most of acute poisoning in children occurs in rural area and are unexpected poisoning caused by accidental ingestion of pesticides and drugs.Most of the children with acute poisoning are in preschool period.Hence it is necessary to strengthen safety awareness education for both parents and children to lower the incidence of acute poisoning in children.