美国国防装备决策支持体系对我国R&D管理的借鉴与启示

Enlightenment from American Decision-making Support System of Defense Equipment for Chinese R&D Management Reform

为进一步提高科研项目和资金管理顶层设计与规划的科学合理性,用科学规范的制度体系保障、优化资源配置,本文在充分调研美国国防装备决策支持体系蕴含全过程的、系统化的管理策略与方法基础上,提出了一系列对策建议。首先,提出了结合JCIDS和PPBE思想的、基于能力、注重顶层设计、以需求为导向的研发管理体系流程框架,并面向国家综合竞争能力提出构建一个包括机构库、人员库、成果库、资源库、问题库等集成的大数据平台,运用TRIZ等相关开发工具进行挖掘信息以指导科研规划决策。其次,结合PPBE过程中的4个结构化步骤,在根据能力需求和能力差距两个维度对能力进行分类基础上,提出了科研管理每个步骤采取的措施。最后,针对目前我国科研管理中存在的问题,提出采用分段控制、兼顾柔性的创新过程管理方法建议。

In order to further improve the scientific rationality of top-level design and planning of research projects and funds management,and to guarantee and optimize the allocation of resources with scientific and standardized system,by review of American decision-making system of defense equipment which contains the whole-process and systematic management strategies and methods,a series of countermeasures and suggestions have been put forward in this study.Firstly,a science research management system process framework was constructed based on combination of JCIDS and PPBE thought involved with ability,concentrated on the top design and oriented in demand,aiming at national comprehensive competitiveness a integrated data management platform included of institutional,personnel,findings,resources,and problems database has been put forward to build,and suggested to use data-mining tools such as TRIZ related to exploit information to guide the R&D planning and decision making.Secondly,combined with the four structured steps in the process of PPBE,based on capacity classification which has been classified according to two dimensions of the capacity gap and capacity demand,arrangement and measures in each step are proposed.Thirdly,in view of the problems existing in the R&D management in China,a series of suggestions on the application of segmental control and flexible innovative process management have been put forward.