论余秀华诗歌中语义的超常搭配

On the Supernormal Collocation of Semantics in Yu Xiuhua’s Poems

语义的超常搭配是把言语的所指和能指关系变得格外活泼的一种组合形式,是以常规搭配为参照物而言的。诗歌作为一种简洁、凝练的文学形式,往往追求丰富的艺术手法,蕴含许多符合语法规则,但不符合语义规则的语义超常搭配,时常不直接表达意思,从词和词的组合入手,运用富有渲染力和感染力的修辞格来回避正面陈述,进而突破语义限制,激活创作。从词和词的组合看语义间的超常搭配,余秀华诗歌中的超常搭配以主谓超常搭配、定中超常搭配和述宾超常搭配为主;从修辞格的运用看语义间的超常搭配,以比喻、比拟、通感、移就、拈连的运用尤为突出。

The supernormal collocation of semantics is a kind of combination form that makes the relationship between the referent and the signifier of speech more lively. It takes the conventional collocation as the reference. As a concise literary form, poetry often pursues rich artistic techniques, containing many semantic supernormal collocations that conform to grammar rules instead of semantic rules, which does not directly express meaning. Starting with the combination of words, rhetoric full of rendering power and appeal is employed to avoid positive statements, so as to break semantic restrictions and activate creation. The analysis of the supernormal collocation of the semantics in Yu Xiuhua’s poetry shows that the super normal collocation mainly includes the subject predicate super normal collocation, the constant super normal collocation and the predicate object super normal collocation. From the use of figures of speech, we can see the extraordinary collocation of semantics, especially the use of metaphor, analogy, synaesthesia, transference and nianlian.