焦作地区地下水水化学特征分析及水质评价

Groundwater Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Assessment in Jiaozuo

2017年对焦作地区42个地下水样品进行了采集和测试,综合运用数理统计、Piper三线图和相关性分析等方法分析了该区地下水水化学特征,并运用单因子评价和基于主成分分析的模糊综合评价法对研究区地下水水质进行了评价。研究结果表明:地下水中Ca^2+、Mg^2+、SO^2-4和HCO3-占主要优势,浅层地下水水化学类型按地下水径流方向由HCO3-Ca型逐渐演变为HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型和HCO3·SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg型,深层地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型,局部为HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型;水体离子组分变化主要受碳酸盐、硫酸盐和岩盐等风化溶滤作用影响;单因子评价结果显示TH、Mg^2+、TDS、SO^2-4等组分的超标是影响地下水质量的主要因素;模糊综合评价结果显示研究区浅层及深层地下水质满足Ⅲ类水及以上标准的采样点,分别占总采样点的61%和75%。研究成果可为该地区水质评价和水资源合理开发利用提供依据。

The hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater samples collected from Jiaozuo in 2017 were analyzed using mathematical statistics,Piper’plot,and correlation of components.The groundwater quality in the study area were also assessed using the method of single-factor evaluation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on principal component analysis.Results unveiled that Ca^2+,Mg^2+,SO^2-4 and HCO3-were dominant in the groundwater of Jiaozuo.In shallow groundwater,the hydrochemical type evolved from HCO3-Ca to HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg and HCO3·SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg along the direction of groundwater runoff.In deep groundwater,the hydrochemical type was mainly HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg,with some local HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg.The change of ion content in groundwater was mainly affected by weathering and leaching of carbonate,sulfate and rock salt.Single factor evaluation result showed that the excessive TH,Mg^2+,TDS,SO^2-4 and other components were major factors that affect the quality of groundwater.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results revealed that 61%and 75%of the shallow and deep groundwater quality in the study area met theⅢ-level water standard and above.The research findings offer basis for the water quality assessment and reasonable utilization of water resources in Jiaozuo.