古代日本歌垣的原型样式——通过参考贵州省苗族的“坐花场”习俗

One Study of the Archetypal Patterns of Utagaki in the Ancient Japanese——By Referring to the Case of Miao People’s“Zuohuachang”in Guizhou Province

古代日本歌垣的原型样式问题一直未得以解决。通过借助中日两国的歌垣(对歌)文献,和贵州省苗族的“坐花场”习俗的调查资料等,对思考古代日本歌垣的形式问题带来很多新启发。古汉语中以“墙”表示人多的用法,对“歌垣”一词的创造有重要影响;而通过参考苗族“坐花场”事例可以推测出,古代日本歌垣的“垣”有可能表示实际的语义,“垣”是“歌”的“场”所,于“垣”中而“歌”,故名“歌垣”。而这也应该是古代日本歌垣的原型样式之一。

The form of utagaki in ancient Japanese has not been solved.By referring to the literature in China and Japan,as well as the research data of Miao people’'s“Zuohuachang”(坐花场)custom in Guizhou Province,it gives us a lot of new inspiration for how to think about the form of utagaki in ancient Japanese.In ancient China,the use of"wall"to express more people has an important influence on the creation of the Japanese word“utagaki”(歌垣).By referring to the Miao people’s“Zuo hua chang”,we can infer that the“kaki”(垣)of“utagaki”in ancient Japanese may represent the actual meaning,which is the place of sing,in which love songs were held is named“utagaki”.It should also be one of the archetypal patterns of utagaki in ancient Japan.