新型城镇化对旅游扶贫效率的影响研究——以恩施土家族苗族自治州八个国家级贫困县为例

Research on the Influence of New-type Urbanization on the Efficiency of Pro-poor Tourism——A Case Study of 8 National-level Poor Counties in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture

基于2007-2017年面板数据,采用Super-SBM模型与熵值法分别测度恩施州八个国家级贫困县旅游扶贫效率与新型城镇化发展水平,结合变系数固定效应面板回归模型探讨新型城镇化对旅游扶贫效率的影响。研究表明:(1)恩施州新型城镇化发展处于低水平阶段且时序演化比较平稳,各贫困县波动幅度较小;(2)恩施州旅游扶贫效率总体水平较低且区域差异显著,投入产出并未达到最优状态,时间演变大致表现出“W”型的波动上升态势;(3)经济城镇化与社会城镇化两个维度影响程度较大,除社会城镇化外,各贫困县人口城镇化、空间城镇化两个维度对旅游扶贫效率的影响大多表现为负向,生态城镇化对旅游扶贫效率均呈显著负相关关系。据此,提出相应对策建议:以中心城市为驱动,加快区域新型城镇化统筹发展;为旅游业发展提供空间载体,促进产城融合;因地制宜推进新型城镇化建设;强化新型城镇化对旅游扶贫效率的正向影响,缓解不利影响。

Based on the 2007-2017 panel data,the Super-SBM model and the entropy method have been used to measure the efficiency of pro-poor Tourism and new-type urbanization development level of 8 national-level poor counties in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture respectively,and the variable coefficient fixed effects panel regression model has been adopted to explore the impact of new-type urbanization on the efficiency of pro-poor tourism.The results show that:(1)The development of new-type urbanization in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture is in low-level phase,and the time evolution is relatively stable with small fluctuation.(2)The overall level of pro-poor tourism efficiency in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture is comparatively low without optimal state of the input and output,and the regional differences are significant.The time evolution generally exhibits the“W”type fluctuating ascending tendency.(3)The economic urbanization and social urbanization have a great influence on pro-poor tourism efficiency.Except for social urbanization,the impacts of population urbanization and spatial urbanization on poor counties’pro-poor tourism efficiency are mostly negative.And ecological urbanization has a significant negative correlation with pro-poor tourism efficiency.In view of the above,corresponding countermeasures are put forward:accelerating the coordinated development of new-type urbanization in the region driven by the central cities;providing a space carrier for the development of tourism and promoting the integration of industries and cities;advancing the construction of new urbanization according to local conditions;strengthening the positive impact of new-type urbanization on the efficiency of pro-poor tourism and mitigating the adverse impact.