要素交易、契约匹配及其组织化——“绿能模式”对中国现代农业发展路径选择的启示

Factor Transaction,Contract Matching and Their Systematization:Implications of the“Lvneng Model”for Path Choice in China’s Modern Agricultural Development

基于“大国小农”的基本国情,实现小农户与现代农业发展的有机衔接,是中国探索农业现代化道路长期面临的战略性问题。传统的理论主张,往往将小农视为被动接受现代生产要素的自然经济体,忽视了小农参与分工交易的可能性。本文构建一个“交易-契约-组织化”的分析框架,并通过“绿能模式”的案例解理,揭示生产组织与契约治理的内在机制、交易组织与分工深化的运作逻辑。“绿能模式”提供的创新性思路是,一方面通过连片种植谋求土地规模经营,另一方面通过外包服务谋求服务规模经营,从而将小农户卷入分工经济中。文章认为,与美日模式不同,中国应该谋求一条以分工经济推进农业现代化的发展道路。以“农户专业种地、社会迂回投资、能者外包服务、市场竞争交易”为主线的组织内核,有可能成为我国新型农业经营体系的基本架构。

Given the basic fact that China is a big country with small farming households,a smooth transition from small-farming agriculture to modern agriculture is a long-term strategic issue that China should face in its effort to explore the path to agricultural modernization.Traditional theories regard small farming households as natural economic entities in passive acceptance of modern production factors.They ignore the possibility that small farming households may participate in division of labor and transaction.The present paper constructs a“transaction-contract-systematization”analytical framework and applies it to the interpretation of the“Lvneng model”in order to reveal the internal mechanism of production organization and contract governance as well as the operational logic of transaction organization and deepened specialization.The ingenuity of the“Lvneng model”is twofold:seeking scale operation of the land through continuous planting on the one hand and getting the small farming households involved in the division-of-labor economy through scaled-up outsourcing services on the other.It is believed that,unlike Japan and the US,China should seek its own distinctive developmental path.That is promoting agricultural modernization through a division-of-labor economy.An organization characterized by“professional farming,roundabout social investment,service outsourcing,and market competition and transactions”will probably become the basic scaffold of China’s new agricultural management system.