雷达吸波涂层材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Radar Absorbing Coating Materials

讨论了电磁波的吸波机理,及其性能测量和计算方法,叙述了电阻型损耗、介电损耗、磁损耗型三种损耗机制的涂层材料及其电磁波吸收损耗机理,对不同种类的吸波材料在雷达波隐身方面的应用进行了全面的综述,介绍了这一研究方向的最新进展,并分析了每种材料的主要特点。重点讨论了铁氧体、碳纳米管、导电高聚物等吸波材料的微观结构、化学性质、电磁特性对吸波性能的影响。对于磁损耗材料来说,良好的磁性能是其不可忽视的优点,但其密度高,稳定性较差,影响了其性能发挥。针对其存在的缺点,通过掺杂改性、共混等方式可提升涂层材料的吸波性能。在碳系材料中,多壁碳纳米管的吸波性能较好,将磁损耗吸波材料与碳纳米管进行复合、包覆是目前吸波性能提高的主要手段。导电聚合物等新型吸波材料具有质量轻、导电性好的特点,单独使用时,阻抗匹配性差,通过对其掺杂改性或与磁损耗型材料复合,可增强其阻抗匹配性,提升吸波性能。最后,指出了雷达吸波材料未来的研究发展方向。

This review discussed the absorption mechanism, performance measurement and calculation methods of electromagnetic microwave. The coating materials of three loss mechanisms such as resistive, dielectric and magnetic and their electromagnetic wave absorption performance and mechanism were introduced. A comprehensive understanding of different absorbing coatings used in radar wave stealth applications was presented. The latest progress in this research direction was introduced and the main characteristics of each absorbing material were analyzed. The effects of absorbing materials such as ferrite, carbon nanotubes, and conductive polymers on microstructure, chemical properties, and electromagnetic properties of absorbing properties were emphatically discussed. For magnetic loss materials, good magnetic property is an important advantage, but its high density and poor stability affect its performance. Aiming at its disadvantages, doping modification,blending and other methods can be used to improve the absorbing performance of coating materials containing magnetic absorbents. Among carbon-based materials, multi-walled carbon nanotubes have better wave-absorbing properties. Usually, the compositing of magnetic absorbents and carbon nanotubes are the main measures to improve performance of radar absorption coating. Though new absorbing materials, such as conductive polymers, have the characteristics of light weight and good conductivity, the impedance is difficult to match with other absorbing layers when used alone. The impedance matching can be enhanced by doping modification or compounding with magnetic loss materials to improve the absorbing performance. Finally, the future research and development trends of radar absorbing coatings are presented.