某市慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病原因的调查研究分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Causes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in A City

目的研究内蒙古呼伦贝尔市慢性阻塞性肺疾病的患病因素。方法自2017年5月至2019年6月,对呼伦贝尔市常住居民进行患病因素调查,入选患者均统一接受我科自制的问卷调查及肺功能检测,根据肺功能结果分为二组,其中,观察组居民共2320例,1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1/FVC)<70%;对照组居民共3030例,1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1/FVC)>70%。观察组与对照组分别统计其患病因素,进行对比。结果经调查、统计分析后显示,吸烟(χ^2=2620.6955,P<0.05)、生物燃料(χ^2=472.4433,P<0.05)及职业粉尘(χ^2=8.6355,P<0.05)三项有明显差异,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),寒冷干燥气候因素(χ^2=0.1100,P>0.05)也为主要的患病因素,但无统计学差异(P>0.05),为不可控因素;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,吸烟、生物燃料、职业粉尘是重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病的危险因素。结论吸烟、生物燃料及职业粉尘为我地区慢阻肺主要的患病因素,为可防控因素,并制定防治方案,对降低我地区慢阻肺患病率有重要价值。

Objective To study the risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in Hulunbuir,Inner Mongolia.Methods From May 2017 to June 2019,the prevalence factors of permanent residents in Hulunbuir city were investigated.All the selected patients received self-made questionnaire survey and lung function test.According to the results of lung function,they were divided into two groups.The observation group consisted of 2320 residents,with forced expiratory volume(FEV1/FVC)less than 70%,and the control group consisted of 3030 residents,with forced expiratory volume(FEV1/FVC)less than 70%.(FEV1/FVC)>70%.The observation group and the control group were counted and compared.Results After investigation and statistical analysis,smoking(χ^2=2620.6955,P<0.05),biofuels(χ^2=472.4433,P<0.05)and occupational dust(χ^2=8.6355,P<0.05),had significant differences(P<0.05).Cold and dry climate factors(χ^2=0.1100,P>0.05)were also the main risk factors,but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05),and they were uncontrollable factors.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking,biofuels and occupational dust were the risk factors of severe COPD.Conclusion Smoking biofuels and occupational dust are the main risk factors for COPD in our region.They are preventable and controllable factors.It is of great value to formulate prevention and control programs for reducing the prevalence of COPD in our region.