北曲杂剧《关张双赴西蜀梦》与能剧《关羽》主旨臆说

On the Theme of the Drama Both Guan and Zhang Walking into the Emperor’s Dream and Noh Guan Yu

往日研究关汉卿杂剧《关张双赴西蜀梦》之著述,全部集中在"鬼魂戏"范畴之内。然而,该剧不能简单地以"鬼魂"二字给予判断,而是一出"镇魂"意义的典型作品,是中国古典戏曲乃至中国古典文学、诗歌以及信仰风俗中源远流长的"镇魂"文化思维在元人北曲杂剧的体现,是古典戏曲海量作品中历史较早而具有典型意义的作品。与之相颉颃却晚出的日本能剧《关羽》也以镇魂为主旨,二者异曲而同工。本文在指出与探索该剧"镇魂"母题的同时,比较该剧与能《关羽》的异同,进而指出以"镇魂"为母题的剧作在中日古典戏剧中的普遍存在。

Researchers previously considered Guan Hanqing’s drama only as about ghosts drama when they made study of Both Guan and Zhang Walking into the Emporer’s Dream.However,this drama should not be concluded as just about ghosts.As a matter of fact,this is a drama typical based on"suppress the soul",which is the culture thought in the Northern Drama in the Yuan Dynasty that has long been passed down through Chinese classical drama and,even,Chinese classical literature,classical poetry,traditional belief,and custom.It is one of the earliest typical dramas in the numerous classical dramas in Chinese history.The later similar Japanese noh Guan Yu bears the same theme.This paper explores"suppress the soul"as its main theme of the mother culture and at the same time makes the comparison of the two.And it also points out that dramas based on the mother theme of"suppress the soul"is universal whether in Chinese or Japanese classical dramas.