董事无因解任的体系评析和制度完善——兼评《关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(五)》第三条

The Analysis and Perfection of the System of Director Removal Without Cause——The Review of the 3rd Article of Provisions(Ⅴ)of Judicial Interpretation Concerning the Application of the Company Law

我国现行《公司法》对于董事解任制度的规定非常模糊,尤其是对于董事在任期届满前是否可以由股东(大)会无因解任没有明确规定,与当前国际普遍适用的法律规则存在差异,也给商事实践和司法裁判带来一系列挑战。《关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(五)》第三条首次明确了董事的无因解任规则,旨在进一步保护投资者利益,为优化营商环境提供司法保障,但是该规定比较简单,体系化程度不够,尤其考虑到我国当前上市公司中小股东的参与股东大会投票不积极等实际情况,需要进一步出台相关配套规则,包括决议程序、司法判决解任等,避免董事无因解任制度成为大股东或实际控制股东侵害中小股东利益的工具,防止出现实践中“规则执行走样”等情形。

Provisions of the Director Removal System in the current Chinese Company Law are very vague.In particular,there is no clear stipulation on whether directors can be removed by the shareholders without cause before the expiration of their current terms.This is different from the current international legal rules.It also brings a series of challenges to commercial practice and judicial judgment.The 3rd Article of Provisions(Ⅴ)of Judicial Interpretation Concerning the Application of the Company Law has,for the first time,clarified the rules of director removal without any cause.The purpose is to protect the interests of investors and provide judicial guarantee for optimizing business environment.However,the rules are simple and not systematic enough.Especially considering the fact that the minority shareholders of listed companies in China do not vote actively at the shareholders'meeting,further relevant supporting rules,including resolution procedures,judicial decisions,etc.,need to be introduced to prevent the system of director removal from becoming a tool for major shareholders or actual controlling shareholders to infringe upon the interests of minority shareholders,and avoid the occurrence of“rule execution different from what is expected”in practice and other situations.