内在性:德勒兹哲学视域下《白鲸》后现代伦理叙事研究

Immanence:Postmodern Ethical Narratives in Moby Dick from the Perspective of Deleuze's Philosophy

德勒兹哲学为理解《白鲸》提供了形而上学基础,开辟了一条后现代伦理学的阐释路径。在德勒兹内在性伦理思想视域下,白鲸作为结构的他人规定着所有人物的对象性存在,亚哈与白鲸之间则呈现出生成—动物的二元共生关系。表面上《白鲸》在思想和内容层面存在深刻的断裂,其实这两个层面是协调一致的。结构的他人和生成—动物两个概念让亚哈和白鲸从超越性中解放出来进入现实的经验世界,同时恢复了被边缘化的水手们的差异性存在,《白鲸》的复仇叙事因此得以成为一个群体心理学案例。结构的他人、生成—动物和群体心理构成《白鲸》内在性伦理叙事的三重维度。

Deleuze's philosophy provides a metaphysical basis for understanding Moby Dick,and opens up a postmodern ethical interpretation path for the novel.From the perspective of Deleuzian immanent ethics,Moby Dick,as the structure-other,regulates the objective existence of all the characters,and Ahab and Moby Dick show a dual and mutual becoming-animal relationship.There seems to be a break in Moby Dick with regard to its levels of idea and content,which are in their essence in consistent with each other.The concepts of structure-other and becoming-animal free Ahab and Moby Dick from the transcendence down into the experience world,while at the same time restore the existence of differences that belong to the marginalized sailors.The revenge narratives of Moby Dick thus become a case of group psychology.The structure-other,becoming-animal and group psychology constitute the triple dimension of the immanent ethical narratives of Moby Dick.