周代黄淮地区文化激荡与诸子思想的形成

The Agitation of Culture in the Huang-Huai Basin in Zhou Dynasty and the Formation of Various Thoughts

从春秋中期至战国时代,天下动乱与诸侯各行其政,同时也带来了学术的自由之风。在文化发展与传播方面,官学垄断地位结束,私学产生;史官文化式微,民间文化精英辈出;学术争鸣兴起,诸子百家大放异彩。黄淮地区独特的文化因子和多文化的交汇、激荡,滋养了各种文化思想。这一时期所出现的学术精英和百家的代表人物中,有很多都生活在黄淮地区,如:儒家创始人孔子和战国时期的代表人物孟子;道家的创始人老子,后继者老莱子、庄子;墨家的创始人墨翟;法家代表人物申不害,集大成式人物韩非;阴阳家代表人物邹衍等。

From the Mid Spring and Autumn to Warring States Period,the princes governed their own politic affairs under the unrested world,which brought the tendency of academic freedom.In term of cultural development and dissemination,the birth of private schools ends official academies with monopoly status;the decline of historiographer culture give its way to the mass talents in the field of folk culture,bringing the rising of academic contention and the splendor of hundreds of schools.With the blend of unmatched cultural factors and diverse cultures in Huang-Huai Basin,it has fed academic elites and representatives of hundreds of schools in this period,such as Confucius,a founder of Confucianism;Mencius,a representative of the warring States period;Lao Zi,a founder of Taoism,and his successors:Lao Laizi and Zhuang Zi;Mo Zhai,a founder of Mohism;Shen Bushi,Legalist figure;Han Fei,a master figure;Zou Yan,a representative of Yin and Yang school,etc.