宋代植物崇拜中的神秘感应与神话传说

Mysterious Induction and Myth in Plant Worship in Song Dynasty

宋代人与植物的交互影响集中表现在两方面:一方面宋代人工培育植物进入繁盛期,形成了较为独立的种植行业,一些草、木本植物如牡丹、菊花、芍药等品种愈出愈奇,种植面积也不断扩大,与时人的日常生活联系日益紧密,此可看作宋人在物质层面对植物的驯化;另一方面,宋人常以植物变异来预示吉凶,来表达天下承平、出将入相等价值取向,至于一个个怪诞不经的神怪传说则是宋人赋予植物以人格,让其代己立言,反映当时社会的种种面相,建构一个有秩序的社会,此可看作宋人在精神世界对植物进行的驯化。纵观有宋一朝,两个方面基本呈平行相向,互不干扰的状态。但如果精神方面过分透支植物的崇拜,出现了趋炎附势、劳民伤财等不良现象,物质层面所形成的科学理性思维则会站出来,挞伐时弊,戳破崇拜的幻象。借由人类学的研究视角来重新审视这些文化现象,可一窥宋代民间社会的意识形态以及宋人的精神世界,进而参悟古人与自然交互诠释的历史机制。

The interaction of people and plants in the Song dynasty from two aspects:on the one hand,the artificial cultivation into flowering plants in the song dynasty,formed a relatively independent of the planting industry,some grass,woody plants such as peony,chrysanthemum,peony varieties out more,planting area expands unceasingly,also contact with people’s daily life is becoming more and more close,this can be seen as poets in the domestication of plant material aspects;on the other hand,the poets in the plant mutation is used to predict good or ill luck,to express the world peace,peaceful period,such as value orientation,as one of the crazy legend genie plant is sung people endowed with personality,let its generation sets,reflect the social various faces,construct an orderly society,this can be seen as poets to the domestication of plants in the spiritual world.Throughout the Song dynasty,the two aspects were parallel to each other and did not interfere with each other.However,if the worship of plants in the spiritual aspect is excessively overused,and some undesirable phenomena such as the tendency to love and cling to power,the cost of people and money appear,the scientific and rational thinking formed at the material level will stand out,criticize the shortcomings of the practice and pierce the illusion of worship.By re-examining these cultural phenomena from the perspective of anthropology,we can get a glimpse of the ideology of the folk society and the spiritual world of the song people,and understand the historical mechanism of the interaction between the ancients and nature.