饲粮中添加粪链球菌与枯草芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响

Effects of Dietary Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets

本试验旨在探究饲粮中单独添加粪链球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌及二者混合添加对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响。选取21日龄的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪240头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,粪链球菌组饲喂基础饲粮+4×10^8 CFU/kg粪链球菌,枯草芽孢杆菌组饲喂基础饲粮+5×10^9 CFU/kg枯草芽孢杆菌,混合组饲喂基础饲粮+4×10^8 CFU/kg粪链球菌+5×10^9 CFU/kg枯草芽孢杆菌。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与粪链球菌组、枯草芽孢杆菌组相比,混合组的终末体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量显著增加(P<0.10)。2)与对照组相比,粪链球菌组的回肠绒毛高度显著增加(P<0.05);与粪链球菌组和枯草芽孢杆菌组相比,混合组的十二指肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,粪链球菌组的赖氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苏氨酸的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),枯草芽孢杆菌组的赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);与粪链球菌组和枯草芽孢杆菌组相比,混合组的组氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,枯草芽孢杆菌组中乳杆菌属相对丰度增加,利士曼原虫属相对丰度降低。5)与对照组相比,粪链球菌组丙酸和异丁酸含量显著提高(P<0.05),枯草芽孢杆菌组异戊酸含量显著提高(P<0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中单独添加枯草芽孢杆菌或粪链球菌均可改善仔猪空肠菌群,促进肠道发育,提高氨基酸消化率,提高空肠食糜中短链脂肪酸含量;饲粮中混合添加枯草芽孢杆菌和粪链球菌对增强肠道营养物质的消化吸收能力效果更好。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary individually supplementation of Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis and their mixed supplementation on growth performance and intesti nal health of weaning piglets.Two hundred and forty 21 day age“Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire”crossed weaned piglets were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate.Pig lets in the control group were fed a basal diet,piglets in the Streptococcus faecalis group were fed the basal diet+4×10^8 CFU/kg Streptococcus faecalis,piglets in the Bacillus subtilis group were fed the basal diet+5×10^9 CFU/kg Bacillus subtilis,and piglets in the mixed group were fed the basal diet+4×108 CFU/kg Strepto coccus faecalis+5×10^9 CFU/kg Bacillus subtilis.The experiment lasted for 28 days.The results showed as fol lows:1)compared with the Streptococcus faecalis group and Bacillus subtilis group,the final body weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of mixed group were significantly increased(P<0.10).2)Compared with the control group,the villi height in ileum of Streptococcus faecalis group was significantly in creased(P<0.05);compared with the Streptococcus faecalis group and Bacillus subtilis group,the crypt depth in duodenum of mixed group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the apparent digestibilities of lysine,histidine,isoleucine,leucine and threonine of Streptococcus faeca lis group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the apparent digestibilities of lysine,isoleucine,leucine,phenylalanine and valine of Bacillus subtilis group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with the Streptococcus faecalis group and Bacillus subtilis group,the apparent digestibilities of histidine,aspartic acid and glutamate of mixed group were significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus of Bacillus subtilis group was increased,and the relative abundance of Leishmania was decreased.5)Compared with the control group,the contents of propionic acid and isobutyric acid of Streptococcus faecalis group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the isovaleric acid content of Bacillus subtilis group was significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,the dietary individually supple mentation of Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis can improve the jejunal flora of piglets,promote intes tinal development,improve amino acids digestibility and increase the content of short chain fatty acid in jeju num chyme.The mixed supplementation of Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis have better effects on enhance the function of intestinal digestibility and absorption capacity.