池塘投喂膨化饲料主养模式对鳙形体指标、肌肉营养成分和品质特性的影响

Effects of Pond Mono Culture Pattern with Expanded Feed on Morphological Indices,Muscular Nutrient Composition and Quality Characteristic of Bighead Carp(Aristichthys nobilis)

为了综合评价投喂膨化饲料主养鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)模式在池塘养殖中的应用效果,本试验选取太湖区捕捞野生鳙(野生组)、膨化饲料池塘主养鳙(池塘组)、网箱生态养殖混养鳙(网箱组)各12尾,对它们的形态学指标及肌肉的常规营养成分、质构特性、重金属含量以及氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行比较分析。结果显示:池塘组鳙的肥满度、肝体指数和脏体指数均显著高于野生组(P<0.05);野生组和网箱组鳙肌肉中粗脂肪含量均显著低于池塘组(P<0.05),而各组间鳙肌肉中粗蛋白质含量无显著差异(P>0.05);野生组和网箱组鳙肌肉的硬度和回复性显著高于池塘组(P<0.05),而各组间肌肉弹性、凝聚性和胶黏性差异不显著(P>0.05);野生组和网箱组的鳙肌肉中重金属镉含量显著高于池塘组(P<0.05),而鳙肌肉中铜含量显著低于池塘组(P<0.05);网箱组和野生组鳙肌肉中氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量显著高于池塘组(P<0.05),且肌肉中各种氨基酸的氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)以及必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)均显著高于池塘组(P<0.05);网箱组和野生组鳙肌肉脂肪酸中的油酸、花生五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量显著低于池塘组(P<0.05),其余脂肪酸含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综述所述,池塘膨化饲料主养鳙的肌肉具有高脂肪及EPA和DHA含量更丰富的特点,但肌肉硬度、回复性和鲜味氨基酸含量均较低。

In order to synthetically investigate the effects of pond mono culture pattern with expanded feed on morphological indices,muscular nutrient composition,texture characteristics,heavy metals content,and ami no acid and fatty acid contents of bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis),twelve individuals in each group were randomly selected,which bighead carp captured in Taihu Lake(wild group),bighead carp fed artificially for mulated feed(pond group)and the bighead carp mainly fed zooplankter(cage group).The results showed that the condition factor(CF),hepatosomatic index(HSI)and viscerosomatic index(VSI)of pond group were significantly higher than those of wild group(P<0.05);the content of crude fat in muscle of wild group and cage group was significantly lower than that of pond group(P<0.05),while the content of crude protein in muscle had no significant difference among groups(P>0.05);the harness and resilience in muscle of wild group and cage group were significantly higher than those of pond group(P<0.05),while the springiness,co hesiveness and gumminess in muscle had no significant difference among groups(P>0.05);the contents of cadmium(Cd)in muscle of wild group and cage group was significantly higher than that of pond group(P<0.05),on the contrary,copper(Cu)content was significantly lower than that of pond group(P<0.05);the contents of total amino acid and total flavor amino acid in muscle of cage group and wild group was significant ly higher than those of pond group(P<0.05),and the amino acid score(AAS)and chemical score(CS)of each amino acid and essential amino acid index(EAAI)in muscle of cage group and wild group were signifi cantly higher than those of pond group(P<0.05);the contents of oleic acid,eicosapentanoic(EPA)and do cosahexaenoic acid(DHA)of cage group and wild group were significantly lower than those of pond group(P<0.05),and the others had no significant difference among groups(P>0.05).These results indicate that the bighead carp in pond group have characteristics of higher content of fat and higher contents of EPA and DHA,but lower muscular harness and total flavor amino acid content.