我国义务教育发展的“中部塌陷”:问题表征、影响因素与政策思路

The“Collapse of Central Regions”in the Development of Compulsory Education in China:Representations,Influencing Factors,and Policy Rationales

基于2004—2018年全国省级面板数据和时序数据,本文对我国义务教育发展的“中部塌陷”问题进行了分析。研究发现,中部地区学校的基础设施建设、师资队伍建设、经费投入等方面多项生均指标明显落后于东部和西部地区,“塌陷”状况具有时间差异,呈现不同程度的加剧态势,这成为当前我国义务教育发展的新短板;社会经济发展相对落后和以中央财政转移支付为核心的国家政策支持不足对中部地区义务教育发展的“塌陷”状况具有显著影响。未来一段时间内,改善“中部塌陷”的关键在于加快落实中部地区崛起战略,保障中部地区义务教育发展的“造血”源;加大对中部地区的政策倾斜与支持,统筹区域教育资源均衡配置;优化教育资金资源配置,强化中央和省级政府推进义务教育均衡发展的责任。

Based on the national panel data and time series data from 2004 to 2018,this paper analyzes the“Collapse of Central Regions”in the development of compulsory education in China.We found that many indicators in the central regions of China such as infrastructural construction,building of teaching staff,and educational investment are significantly behind those in the eastern and western regions.The condition of the collapse varies across time and shows an intensifying trend,which now becomes a new short front in the development of compulsory education in China.The relative slowness of social and economic development and the insufficiency of financial support from the government have significant impacts on the collapse of compulsory education in central regions.In the future,the key to reversing the collapse is to implement the strategy of“Rise of Central China”to ensure the hematopoietic source of the development of compulsory education.Focus should also be given to increasing government support of the central regions,coordinating and balancing the allocation of regional educational resources,optimizing the allocation of education funds and resources,and strengthening the responsibility of central and provincial governments on promoting the development of compulsory education.