规模化猪舍春季氨排放监测及影响因素研究

Monitoring of Ammonia Emission and Influencing Factors in Large-scale Pigsty in Spring

【目的】为探讨春季不同质量育肥猪栏舍的氨排放特征。【方法】选取江西省南昌市进贤县某规模化生猪养殖场针对3、4、5月份育肥猪进行氨排放监测(按质量分为育肥猪Ⅰ(19.5~21.5 kg)、育肥猪Ⅱ(23.5~27.5 kg)、育肥猪Ⅲ(24.5~36 kg)3个阶段)。【结果】(1)育肥猪Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ栏舍外氨质量平均浓度分别为0.093,0.104,0.201 mg/m3,栏舍内氨质量平均浓度分别为0.882,1.091,1.235 mg/m3;(2)各栏舍内氨排放具有显著的日变化过程,表现为06:00氨排放开始波动增大,达到一个相对的较高值,受人为饲喂的影响,13:00-15:00的氨排放也会相对较高,随后至夜间保持低值排放;(3)氨小时排放速率与温度呈极显著正相关,与湿度呈显著负相关;(4)不同质量育肥猪氨排放速率存在明显差异,育肥猪Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ栏舍日排放速率分别为3.46,4.99,5.68 g/(头·d);育肥猪Ⅲ的氨排放速率是育肥猪Ⅰ的1.64倍,育肥猪Ⅱ的1.12倍。【结论】春季干清粪育肥猪舍氨浓度及排放速率研究显示在对猪舍氨排放影响因子合理调控下,可有效降低栏舍氨排放量。

[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of ammonia emission in different quality fattening pigsty in spring.[Method]A large-scale pig farm in Jinxian County,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province was selected for ammonia emission monitoring of finishing pigs in March,April and May(finishing pigs were divided by weight in three stages:Pig I(19.5-21.5 kg),fattening pig II(23.5-27.5 kg),fattening pig III(24.5-36 kg)).[Result](1)The average concentrations of ammonia outside the pigsty of pigs I,II,and III were 0.093,0.104,0.201 mg/m3,respectively,and the average ammonia concentrations in the pigsty were 0.882,1.091,1.235 mg/m3,respectively.(2)The ammonia emission in each sty had a significant daily change process,which showed that the ammonia emission started to fluctuate and increased to a relatively high value.It was affected by the afternoon artificial feeding,during the period 13:00-15:00 ammonia emission was relatively high,and then low in the night time.(3)The ammonia emission rate was significantly positively correlated with temperature,and had a significant negative correlation with humidity.(4)The ammonia emission rate of finishing pigs with different weights varied significantly,the daily emission rates of pigs I,II,and III were 3.46,4.99,5.68 g/(head·d).The ammonia emission rate of finishing pig III was 1.64 times that of finishing pig I and 1.12 times that of finishing pig II.[Conclusion]The study on ammonia concentration and emission rate of dry manure fattening pigs in spring showed that ammonia emission could be effectively reduced by means of reasonable control of influencing factors.