不同蛋白源饲料对秦川肉牛屠宰性能及牛肉品质的影响

Effects of Different Protein Source Feeds on Slaughter Performance and Beef Quality of Qinchuan Beef Cattle

[目的]试验旨在研究不同蛋白源饲料对秦川肉牛日增重、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。[方法]选择20头体重相近、健康状况良好的12月龄左右的秦川肉牛(母牛)为试验动物,随机将试验牛分为5组,各组分别饲喂5种不同精饲料。试验结束后,对照组(31%豆粕组)、试验Ⅰ组(36%菜籽粕组)和试验Ⅳ组(42%紫苏饼组)各选3头参试牛进行屠宰。[结果]试验Ⅳ组的全期总增重、平均日增重和屠宰率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅳ组背最长肌中干物质和粗蛋白含量均高于其他两组,但各组间均差异不显著(P>0.05);对照组和试验Ⅰ组大理石花纹均是3级,试验Ⅳ组大理石花纹是4级。[结论]本试验条件下,精饲料中添加42%的紫苏饼能够提高肉牛日增重和屠宰率,能够提高牛肉中氨基酸的含量和粗蛋白水平。

[Objective]The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different protein source feeds on daily weight gain,slaughter performance and meat quality of Qinchuan beef cattle.[Methods]Twenty Qinchuan cattle about 12 months old with similar weight and good health were selected as experimental animals.Cattle were randomly divided into 5 groups,and each group was fed with 5 different concentrated feeds.After the test,three cattle were respectively selected for slaughter in control group(31%soybean meal group),test groupⅠ(36%rapeseed meal group),and test group IV(42%perilla meal group).[Results]The total weight gain,average daily weight gain,and slaughter rate of test group IV were significantly higher than the other two groups(P<0.05);the dry matter and crude protein contents in the longest muscle of the back of the experimental IV group were all higher than the other two groups,but the differences between each group were not significant(P>0.05);the marble pattern of the control group and the test groupⅠwere all grade 3,and the marble pattern of the test group IVwas grade 4.[Conclusion]Under the conditions of this experiment,the addition of 42%perilla cake in concentrated feed can increase the daily weight gain and slaughter rate of cattle,and increase the amino acid content and crude protein level in beef.