论全球气候治理语境下我国碳金融制度的完善

A Probe into the Means to Improve the Carbon Financial Systemin China against the Backdrop of Global Climate Governance

碳金融是在不同主体间分配碳减排利益的制度工具,既可以作为发达国家的灵活履约手段,又可对发展中国家的自愿减排进行定价。京都三机制后,世界范围内形成了以国际气候法、国际金融法、国际贸易投资法为内容的国际法格局,分别作为碳金融发展的基础性、实施性与周边性制度基础。在此之下,各国亦形成了以“顶层引导、低碳信贷、绿色保险”等多样化方式构建的多元化内国法制度格局。我国应认清国际法角色转变带来的制度挑战及“一带一路”倡议、亚投行等新合作机制营造的制度机遇,在明晰公民—国家—排放实体-金融机构间的复杂利益链及由此生成的以排放实体中的领先者与落后者间关系为轴之权利义务体系的基础上,全面把握气候、金融等多法域的碳金融现象,构建使国内各主体利益交合之制度,推动国内制度与国际碳金融制度相衔接,打造具备中国特色的碳金融法律制度体系。

Carbon finance is instrumental to interests distribution of carbon emission-cutting among related ones,which is not just used by developed countries to implement their liability under treaty,and is also useful to developing countries that own voluntary emission-cutting mechanism.After the"Kyoto three mechanisms",an international pattern including international climate law,international finance law,and international trade and investment law has been formed worldwide,which are respectively the foundation,implementation and peripheral institutional basis for the carbon finance.Under this circumstance,various countries have also formed their own domestic regulations,comprising"top-level guidance,low-carbon credit,green insurance"and other diversified measures.As a result,we should recognize that we are simultaneously faced with challenges from international law change and opportunities from the new international cooperative mechanism such as the Belt and Road strategy and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and so on.Therefore,on the basis of clarifying the complex interest chain among citizens,countries,emission entities and financial institutions and the rights and obligations system of the relationship between the leaders and the laggards within emission entities,we should further understand the carbon finance phenomena from the climate and financial perspective,in order to build a Chinese carbon finance legal system that integrates the interests of various domestic entities and promotes the convergence with international carbon finance system.