股骨颈骨折内固定治疗的生物力学研究进展

Research progress in biomechanics of internal fixation for femoral neck fracture

随着交通事故的增多和人口的老龄化,股骨颈骨折患者逐年增多。内固定术后易出现股骨头缺血性坏死、骨不连和股骨颈短缩等并发症。近年来随着髋部骨折生物力学研究的深入和内固定器械的不断发展,固定方式由常规的3枚空心拉力螺钉倒"品"字固定,演变至不同数目、不同角度的螺钉固定,以及通过髓内系统、钉板结合系统固定,股骨颈骨折的治疗效果取得了一系列进展。本文就近年来国内外有关股骨颈骨折内固定治疗的生物力学研究作一综述。

With the increase of traffic accidents and the aging of population,the number of patients with femoral neck fracture increases year by year.Complications such as avascular necrosis of femoral head,bone nonunion and femoral neck shortening are common after internal fixation.Recently,with the in-depth study of hip fracture biomechanics and the continuous development of internal fixation devices,internal fixation methods transform from the conventional inverted triangle fixation with 3 hollow lag screws to the fixation with different numbers and angles of screws,as well as the fixation with intramedullary system and nail plate combination system,and the treatment effect of femoral neck fracture has been improved to some extent.This article reviews the biomechanical research on internal fixation of femoral neck fracture in recent years.