公共危机与危机管理的哲学批判

Philosophical Critique on Public Crisis and Crisis Management

哲学把握公共危机与危机管理的方式不同于自然科学和社会科学,乃在于它澄明了公共危机与危机管理的哲学性质,即原因性、普遍性和主体性。如若公共危机是因人的行动而成的事情,那行动者必是危机的责任者;如果是自然而然的事情,那人就要承认自然、尊重自然,确认人的有限性。对此一问题的考察构成了对公共危机的原始发生所进行的前提批判。惟其公共危机是相关于个体、集体和人类的生命、生存与生活的,是具有普遍性的价值事实,所以要以哲学的方式和态度看待和对待公共危机,在危机管理中遵循社会哲学、政治哲学和道德哲学等所蕴含的内在逻辑,将机械规律和自由规律有机地结合起来。公共危机作为非常状态,会使人在危机管理中将正常状态下所潜藏着的"向善"与"趋恶"的因素以扩大或放大的形式表现出来,这为人能够在"后疫情时代"来临之际对过往的观念和行动进行自我反思、修正、矫正和完善提供了可能。而对公共危机与危机管理之事实性和价值性的理性沉思就形成了所谓的哲学批判:整体性的好生活是哲学批判的价值依据,坚守的是价值逻辑;自然的先在性及其客观规律是哲学批判的事实根据,遵循的是事实逻辑。

The way in which philosophy handles public crisis and crisis management is different from natural science and social science,in that the former clarifies the philosophical essence of public crisis and crisis management,including reason,universality and subjectivity. If the public crisis is the product of human activity,human beings must take the responsibility of the crisis;if the crisis is a natural product,then human beings should accept nature,respect nature and acknowledge the limits of their own. The investigation on this issue constitutes the critique of prerequisites about the original occurrence of public crisis. Public crisis possesses universal values and facts concerning individual and community,life and survival. Thus,human beings should deal with the crisis in a philosophical way. As a consequence,the approach to dealing with crisis management should be complied with the inherent logic of social philosophy,political philosophy and moral philosophy,with a combination of mechanical rules and freedom rules. Public crisis is a kind of critical state which fosters the good and evil hidden in normal state to exaggerate,which makes it possible to selfreflection,self-correcting and self-improvement in post-pandemic times. So the rational meditation on the fact and value of public crisis and crisis management has formed the so-called philosophical critique: a good life as a whole forms a value basis in which value logic is adhered to;the apriority of nature and its objective law constitute the factual foundation in which factual logic is observed.